论义务教育均衡法律保障

发布时间：2018-01-06 05:20

本文关键词：论义务教育均衡法律保障　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，特别是党的十三届四中全会以来，我国教育事业得到了长足发展，取得了巨大成就。在人类社会迈向新世纪的历史时刻，2001年1月1日，我国政府向世界庄严宣布：中国如期实现了基本普及九年义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的战略目标。1但是，由于长期以来政府教育经费投入不足和公共教育政策价值取向偏差，地区之间、城乡之间、不同学校之间教育发展差异显著，尤其是义务教育不均衡的现象还大量存在，教育资源配置不均、结构失衡、师资和教学质量差距凸显等一系列问题不断涌现，严重影响了教育事业的进一步发展，并直接制约着教育的公平理想，损害了受教育者的平等权利，保障义务教育均衡成为我国教育行政研究领域的一个重大课题。本文力求通过审视我国义务教育发展的脉络，从义务教育不均衡现状的梳理入手，就我国目前义务教育均衡保障问题作了初步的探究，并针对义务教育发展中存在的各种问题分析了导致这些问题产生的原因和由此所带来的危害，揭示了教育经费投入不足是义务教育不均衡的根源，并从宪法和义务教育法律规定上仔细分析了义务教育不均衡是对受教育者平等权的损害，强调了接受义务教育是公民的基本权利和义务，人人有权享受义务教育均等的机会并有权平等地获得教育资源，还着重列举了政府在义务教育中职责和义务的法律规定，表明了实现义务教育均衡是政府责任的观点。其次，通过对世界各国推进义务教育均衡做法和机制的概括，总结了各国保障义务教育均衡的先进经验，剖析了我国政府对推进义务教育均衡的政策举措和各种努力及探索。最后，针对义务教育不均衡的现状，提出了完善义务教育财政投入机制、依法推进义务教育标准化学校建设和加强教育立法，加大教育行政执法力度的法律保障措施，还大胆地提出了建立义务教育均衡司法保障制度的几个设想，以求真正推进义务教育均衡，保障公民权益。本文围绕的主题是义务教育均衡的法律保障，在推进义务教育均衡化的进程中，只有通过法律这一正式制度的刚性约束，才能改变凭个人喜好和领导专断从而导致教育政策执行偏差的局面。把义务教育均衡的责任归结到政府，，提出政府应该关注最低等和底层民众的教育问题、教育经费应该更多投向农村经济落后地区、义务教育教师应该纳入公务员管理由政府统一调配等是本文的亮点，但对于义务教育均衡法律保障路径的设计还不够大胆，理论部分的阐述也不够透彻，这些不足之处有待在今后的学习中不断加以深化和改进。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, especially since the fourth Plenary session of the 13 CPC Central Committee, China's education has made great progress and made great achievements. In the historical moment of the human society towards the new century, January 1st 2001. The Chinese Government solemnly declares to the world that China has achieved its strategic objective of basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eradicating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people as scheduled. Due to the lack of government education funds and the deviation of value orientation of public education policy for a long time, there are significant differences in the development of education between regions, urban and rural areas, and between different schools. Especially the phenomenon of the imbalance of compulsory education also exists a large number of problems such as uneven allocation of educational resources imbalance of structure prominent gap between teachers and teaching quality and so on. It seriously affects the further development of education, directly restricts the ideal of education equity, and damages the equal rights of the educatees. Ensuring the balance of compulsory education has become an important subject in the field of educational administration research in China. This paper tries to examine the context of the development of compulsory education in China, starting with the status quo of the imbalance of compulsory education, and makes a preliminary exploration on the balanced guarantee of compulsory education in China. In the light of the problems existing in the development of compulsory education, this paper analyzes the causes of these problems and the harm caused by them, and reveals that the lack of investment in education funds is the root of the imbalance of compulsory education. And from the constitution and compulsory education legal provisions of the careful analysis of the imbalance of compulsory education is the damage to the equal rights of the educatees, emphasizing that compulsory education is the basic rights and obligations of citizens. Everyone has the right to equal access to compulsory education and equal access to educational resources, and also highlights the legal provisions on the responsibilities and obligations of the Government in compulsory education. It shows that it is the responsibility of the government to realize the balance of compulsory education. Secondly, through the summary of the practice and mechanism of promoting the balance of compulsory education in the world, this paper summarizes the advanced experiences of various countries in ensuring the balance of compulsory education. This paper analyzes the policy measures and various efforts and explorations of our government to promote the balance of compulsory education. Finally, aiming at the unbalanced situation of compulsory education, it proposes to improve the financial investment mechanism of compulsory education. In order to promote the construction of compulsory education standardization schools, strengthen educational legislation, strengthen the law guarantee measures of educational administrative law enforcement, and boldly put forward several tentative ideas of establishing a balanced judicial guarantee system for compulsory education. In order to really promote the balance of compulsory education and protect the rights and interests of citizens. The theme of this paper is the legal guarantee of compulsory education balance. In the process of promoting the equalization of compulsory education, only through the rigid constraints of the formal system of law. Ability to change by personal preferences and leadership arbitrary resulting in educational policy implementation bias. The responsibility of balancing compulsory education is attributed to the government, and the government should pay attention to the education of the lowest and bottom people, and the education funds should be directed more to the backward areas of rural economy. Compulsory education teachers should be included in the management of civil servants by the government unified deployment is the highlight of this article, but for compulsory education balanced legal protection path design is not bold enough, the theoretical part of the elaboration is not enough thorough. These deficiencies need to be deepened and improved in the future.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G522.3

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