近代沙俄政府对犹教育政策的研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 13:05

本文关键词：近代沙俄政府对犹教育政策的研究　出处：《黑龙江省社会科学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：三次瓜分波兰后,俄国成为世界上拥有犹太人数量最多的国家。沙俄政府面对数量庞大的犹太人,主要采取压制和限制犹太人的政策,对犹太人的教育同样也采取歧视政策。 19世纪前,犹太人仍然被隔离于俄国世俗教育之外,犹太人很少参与俄国的教育活动,这其中的原因主要在于：首先,由于犹太人对信仰《塔木德》的迷恋和对基督教的天然戒备,这些宗教因素致使犹太人过着自我封闭和自我隔绝的生活。其次,沙俄政府对犹太人基本上采取了压制和限制教育政策,在这样的背景下,犹太人在俄国的教育状况差、教育水平不高。虽然亚历山大二世时期,犹太人的教育水平有了较大的进步,对犹太人实施相对宽松的教育政策,并且正是这些教育政策改变了犹太人的精神面貌。犹太人广泛的参加俄国教育,激发了犹太人的创造力,使他们对俄国的科学、艺术、思想、教育领域产生了极大的积极影响。但是随着亚历山大二世后期对犹教育政策的改变,犹太人对接受更多教育的幻想逐渐化为泡影。本文共分为三个章节,主要内容如下：第一章内容主要回顾了俄国境内犹太人的历史状况。俄国三次瓜分波兰后,使大部分犹太人划归俄国境内,成为俄国沙皇统治下的臣民。俄国历代沙皇虽然对犹太人采取不同的政策,但本质上都是以反犹排犹为核心的。第二章内容主要论述近代沙俄政府对犹教育政策的发展变化。从1804年沙皇俄国第一次关注犹太教育问题一直到尼古拉一世政府创办的国立犹太学校,这期间沙俄政府对犹太人采取了有限的教育政策,其教育的宗旨是为了消除《塔木德》对犹太人的影响,从而达到同化犹太人,最终实现政府限制、压制、残害犹太人的目的。由于实施上述教育政策导致教育实施的成果未能得到充分体现,犹太学生的数量仍然是很少。亚历山大二世的继位给俄国犹太人带来生存的希望。受西方自由思想影响,亚历山大二世对犹太人采取了相对开明的教育政策,使犹太人开始接受政府教育,走进国立犹太学校。但是亚历山大二世后期,由于对犹太人主要采取反动的政策,导致教育政策发生倾斜,政府开始采取压制、限制犹太人教育。同时阐述了亚历山大三世时期对犹教育政策,即采取了限制犹太人教育的“入学百分比制”。论述在沙皇政府采取对犹太人集体迫害和全方位限制政策下,对犹教育政策的变化。第三章主要对沙俄政府对犹太人的教育政策进行全面的评析。对沙俄政府对犹教育进行反思,并阐述沙俄政府对犹太人教育政策产生的影响。全文共约42,000字左右
[Abstract]:The three partition of Poland, Russia has become the world's largest number of National Jewish. Russia government facing a large number of Jews, mainly taken to suppress and limit the Jewish policy for Jewish education also adopted a discriminatory policy.
Before nineteenth Century, the Jews are still isolated from the Russian Jewish secular education, rarely participate in Russian education activities, the reason mainly lies in: first, because the natural fascination with the Jewish faith "alert to Christianity and the Talmud", these religious factors causing Jews had a self enclosed life and self isolation. Secondly, the Russian government to suppress and limit the education policy of the Jews basically, in this context, the Jews in the Russian state of education, education level is not high. Although the age of Alexander II, the Jewish people's level of education has made great progress, the implementation of a relatively loose education policy to the Jews, and it is these education the policy changes of Jewish spirit. The Jews to participate in a wide range of Russian education, stimulate the creativity of the Jews, their Russian science, art, thought , which has the positive influence on the field of education. But with the changes in education policy of Alexander II and later, the Jews of fantasy more education gradually vanish like soap bubbles. The paper is divided into three chapters, the main contents are as follows:
The first chapter mainly reviews the history of Russian Jewish Russian. The three partition of Poland, make the most of the Jews into the territory of Russia, became Tsar of Russia under the rule of the people. Although the Russian tsars adopt different policies to the Jews, but the essence is to anti Semitic anti Semitism as the core.
The second chapter mainly discusses the development and change of modern Russia government of Judah education policy from 1804. The Russian Tsar first concern of Jewish education until Nicola the government founded the National Jewish school during this period, Russia government for Jews to take a limited educational policy, the purpose of education is to eliminate the influence of the Talmud < > the Jews, so as to achieve the assimilation of Jews, and ultimately government restrictions, repression, to harm Jews. Since the implementation of the education policy leads to the result of the implementation of education has not been fully reflected, the number of Jewish students are still very few.
Alexander II was brought hope of survival to the Russian Jews. The western free thought influence, Alexander S took a relatively liberal education policy to the Jews, the Jews began to accept the government's education into the National Jewish school. But Alexander II later, due to the main reactionary policy of the Jews, leading to education policy tilt, the government began to take suppression of Jewish education. At the same time limit describes the policy of Alexander III of Judah is taken to limit Jewish education, education enrollment percentage system. Discussed in the Tsarist government take on collective Jewish persecution and a full range of restrictive policies, changes in education policy. "
The third chapter mainly comprehensive comment on the Russia government education policy of the Jews. The Tsarist government to rethink the Jewish education, and expounds the influence of Russia government on Jewish education policy.
The full text is about 42000 words

【学位授予单位】：黑龙江省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K512;G551.2

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