幼儿自豪识别发展特点及其相关影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 19:28

本文关键词：幼儿自豪识别发展特点及其相关影响因素的研究　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自豪是一种重要的社会适应性情绪，对个体行为有重要的影响。幼儿期是儿童自豪识别能力发展的重要阶段。本研究在系统综述以往与幼儿自豪识别相关的理论和实证研究的基础上，对幼儿自豪识别的测评工具、发展特点、神经机制及其相关影响因素进行了系列研究。研究1：幼儿自豪识别测评工具的编制。选取352名幼儿教师作为识别幼儿自豪的非言语行为表达的评定被试，选取156名幼儿母亲作为确定评分者信度的被试，对与幼儿自豪非言语行为表达相关的2套图片进行识别。旨在确定幼儿自豪非言语行为表达的动作成分和动作单元，以此为基础编制编码系统，并发展幼儿自豪识别图片系统。对“幼儿自豪的非言语行为表达编码系统”和“幼儿自豪识别图片系统”的信度和效度进行检验。研究2：幼儿自豪识别发展特点的研究。采用自编的“幼儿自豪识别图片系统”，对204名3-6岁幼儿自豪识别的发展趋势和性别特点进行了测试，并将幼儿自豪识别的发展趋势与高兴和吃惊进行了对比。研究3：幼儿自豪识别的事件相关电位研究。选取21名能够完全识别自豪和高兴的4-6岁幼儿为被试，实验中向被试随机呈现4类刺激图片（熟悉小朋友的自豪、熟悉小朋友的高兴、陌生小朋友的自豪和陌生小朋友的高兴）。被试需要完成的任务是对自豪和高兴进行判断，不需要对个人熟悉性进行判断。通过比较幼儿在识别4类刺激图片时的ERP成分（P1、N170、Nc和LPC），揭示幼儿自豪识别过程的脑机制特征。研究4：幼儿自豪识别与心理理论和抑制控制的关系。在排除语言理解干扰的基础上，通过中介效应检验，重点考察4-6岁幼儿的心理理论和抑制控制对其自豪识别的影响，旨在对幼儿自豪识别能力的发展有更清晰的认识。在对上述4项研究的结果进行分析与讨论的基础上，本研究综合讨论了幼儿自豪识别的测评工具、发展特点、脑电特征和相关影响因素等问题，并得到了以下结论： 1.幼儿自豪的非言语行为表达包括4个方面7个动作成分，即I微笑和大笑的面部表情，II舒展的身体姿势，III头稍微后倾的头部动作，IV双手叉腰、高举和在胸前握拳的手臂动作。 2.幼儿自豪的非言语行为表达包括12个动作单元，其中，幼儿典型的自豪非言语行为表达的动作单元为微笑、头稍微后倾、舒展的身体姿势和双手叉腰。 3.自编的“幼儿自豪的非言语行为表达编码系统”和“幼儿自豪识别的图片系统”都具有良好的信度和效度指标，可以作为测评幼儿自豪识别发展的测评工具。 4.四岁以后，，幼儿开始能够识别自豪；幼儿自豪识别的发展趋势同高兴和吃惊一样，从3岁到6岁一直在提高，5岁到6岁是幼儿自豪识别发展的关键期。男孩和女孩自豪识别的发展水平差异不显著。 5.四种刺激条件下P1的平均波幅和潜伏期差异不显著；在枕颞叶的N170反应了个人熟悉性，陌生小朋友的情绪刺激引发的N170波幅显著大于熟悉小朋友；在中央区的Nc成分上，熟悉小朋友的自豪刺激引发的Nc波幅显著大于熟悉小朋友的高兴；在前额叶的LPC成分上，自豪刺激引发的LPC波幅显著大于高兴。 6.幼儿自豪识别的加工过程分为早期、中期和晚期3个阶段。对个人熟悉性的无意识加工发生在早期；对熟悉对象情绪识别的加工发生在中期；对自豪识别的有意识加工发生在晚期。 7.心理理论对幼儿自豪识别存在直接的预测效力，而抑制控制则是以心理理论为中介变量间接地作用于幼儿自豪识别。
[Abstract]:Pride is a kind of important social adaptability of emotion, has an important influence on the behavior of the individual. Childhood is an important stage of the development of the children proud recognition ability. This research is of theoretical and empirical research based on the summary of previous related system and early identification of the proud, proud on children's recognition assessment tools, development characteristics, and its related factors effect of neural mechanism was studied.
Study 1: compilation of children proud assessment tools were selected. Identification of 352 preschool teachers as nonverbal behavior recognition of children's pride expression of subjects, selected 156 mothers of children identified as rater reliability of subjects of children 's pride nonverbal behavior recognition is related to the expression of the 2 sets of images to determine children's pride. Non action and action unit of speech acts of expression, as a basis for the preparation of encoding system, and the development of children's recognition of "proud picture system. The expression of nonverbal behaviors of children proud encoding system" and "children's proud image recognition system of the reliability and validity of the test.
Study 2: A Study on the features of children's pride recognition development. Making use of the "children's pride image recognition system, the development trend of 204 children aged 3-6 proud recognition and gender characteristics were tested, and the development trend of children's pride and joy and surprise recognition were compared.
Study 3: the related potential of children's pride event identified. A total of 21 to fully recognize the proud and happy children aged 4-6 as subjects in experiment subjects were randomly presented 4 kinds of stimulus pictures (familiar with children proud, familiar with children happy, proud and strange strange little friends happy kids). The subjects are required to complete the task is to judge the proud and happy, familiar to judge the person does not need. By comparing the composition of ERP children in the identification pictures of the 4 types of stimuli (P1, N170, Nc and LPC), reveal the features of brain mechanism of children's proud of the recognition process.
Study 4: Children's pride recognition and psychological theory and control relationship. Based on the exclusion of language understanding interference, through the intermediary effect test, focusing on 4-6 years old children's theory of mind and its proud of inhibitory control in the identification of the impact of development on children's recognition ability to proud to have a clearer understanding.
Based on the analysis and discussion of the above 4 studies, this study discussed the evaluation tools, characteristics, EEG characteristics and related factors of children's pride recognition.
Non verbal behavior of 1. children's pride expression includes 4 aspects: 7 action components, namely I smile and laugh facial expressions, II stretch posture, III head slightly tilted back head movements, IV hands akimbo, holding and make a fist in the chest arm movements.
Non verbal behavior of 2. children's pride expression consists of 12 action units, the children of typical non action unit of speech act proud expression as a smile, head slightly tilted back, stretch the body posture and her hands rested on her hips.
3., the children's proud nonverbal behavior coding system and the picture recognition system for children's pride recognition have good reliability and validity index, which can be used as an evaluation tool to evaluate the development of children's pride recognition.
4., after four years old, children can begin to identify pride. The development trend of children's pride recognition is the same as happiness and surprise. From 3 to 6 years old, the age of 5 to 6 is the key period of children's pride recognition. The difference between boys and girls is not significant.
5. four kinds of average amplitude and latency of stimulation of P1 under the condition of no significant difference; in the occipital temporal lobe N170 reflects personal familiarity, strange children emotional stimuli induced N170 amplitude were significantly greater than the familiar small friends; in the Nc central components, familiar with children's pride stimulus evoked Nc amplitude were significantly greater than the familiar the kids happy; in the LPC component of prefrontal cortex, pride stimulus evoked LPC amplitude were significantly greater than happy.
6., the process of children's pride recognition is divided into 3 stages: early, middle and late stages. The unconscious processing of personal familiarity occurs at the early stage; the processing of familiar emotion recognition takes place in the middle stage; the conscious processing of pride recognition takes place in the late stage.
7., the theory of mind has direct predictive effect on children's pride recognition, while inhibition control indirectly acts on children's pride recognition based on the theory of mind.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B844.1

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