浪漫目标激活对不同性别研究生科学参与意愿及创造性科学问题提出能力的影响

发布时间：2018-01-15 09:56

本文关键词：浪漫目标激活对不同性别研究生科学参与意愿及创造性科学问题提出能力的影响　出处：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学参与意愿表现为个体愿意参与到科学领域任务中的程度,而创造性科学问题提出能力是根据一定的目的和情景,运用已有知识或经验,在独特地、新颖地、且有价值地(或恰当地)提出并表达科学问题的过程中,表现出来的智能品质或能力。研究者的科学参与意愿和创造性科学问题提出能力对于科学研究的质量十分关键。而研究生作为科学研究工作者的重要组成部分,其科学参与意愿及创造性科学问题出能力理应受到重视。同样,研究生多处于青年阶段,易于发展浪漫关系,激活浪漫目标。因此,浪漫目标激活条件下不同性别研究生的科学参与意愿和创造性科学问题提出能力值得研究。已有研究表明,浪漫目标激活条件可以激活个体的性别角色认同,并唤起内隐性别-科学刻板印象,即男性适合从事科学,而女性不适合从事科学的刻板印象。同时,同样有研究发现在问及个体的科学参与意愿时,男性将不受浪漫条件激活影响,而女性科学参与意愿将显著下降。不同被试在面对刻板印象根据已有研究,本研究选取242名被试并设计了3个实验,并得出以下结论：第一,男性倾向于具有更强的独立性与社会支配性,他们倾向于采取指示性的领导方式以影响环境,强调控制他人而避免被环境影响。因此,男性倾向于不受反应社会期待的内隐刻板印象影响。与此相反的是,女性倾向于表现出更新强的联系性,更加注重环境线索及社会关系,在领导方式上更注重统合他人看法,且天生乐意并擅识别和理解环境线索和他人情绪,因此,女性的内隐科学态度更倾向于受反应社会期待的内隐刻板印象影响。第二,在科学参与意愿层面,不同领域的女性在面对浪漫目标激活唤起的内隐刻板印象威胁时,其应对策略具有显著的领域差异。工作于科学领域的女性,具有在科学领域表现良好的长期目标,即便在浪漫目标激活条件下,与其他领域女性相比,女性研究者依然更有可能选择刻板印象的抵御策略,以证明刻板印象并不适用与她们。即在刻板印象激活的条件下,共过于科学领域的女性依然倾向于在刻板印象领域付出更大的努力,做出更好的表现,提高科学参与意愿。而工作于非科学领域的女性,在浪漫目标激活条件下,同样将被唤起性别角色,激发内隐性别刻板印象,但由于她们不具备在科学领域表现良好的长期目标,因而倾向于服从性别角色并远离科学领域,表现为科学参与意愿在浪漫目标激活条件下显著降低。第三,在科学表现层面,不同领域的女性在面对浪漫目标激活唤起的内隐刻板印象威胁时的应对策略同样具有显著的领域差异。具体表现为工作于科学领域的女性在浪漫目标激活条件下表现出更好的创造性科学问题提出能力；而工作于非科学领域的女性在浪漫目标激活条件下表现出更差的创造性科学问题提出能力。
[Abstract]:The willingness to participate in science is the degree to which individuals are willing to participate in the tasks in the field of science, while the ability to put forward creative scientific questions is based on a certain purpose and situation, the use of existing knowledge or experience, in a unique, novel way. In the process of raising and expressing scientific questions in a valuable (or appropriate) manner. The intellectual quality or ability shown by researchers, the willingness of researchers to participate in science and the ability to ask creative scientific questions are crucial to the quality of scientific research. Graduate students are an important part of scientific research workers. Their willingness to participate in science and their ability to solve problems in creative science should be taken seriously. Similarly, most graduate students are in the youth stage, easy to develop romantic relationships and activate romantic goals. It is worth studying the willingness to participate in science and the ability to raise creative scientific questions of graduate students of different genders under the condition of romantic goal activation. It has been shown that the activation condition of romantic goal can activate the gender role identity of individual. It also evokes the stereotype of implicit sex-science, that is, men are fit for science, while women are not. At the same time, some studies have found that individuals are asked about their willingness to participate in science. Men will not be affected by the activation of romantic conditions, while women's willingness to participate in science will decline significantly. Different subjects will face stereotypes According to the previous studies, 242 subjects were selected and 3 experiments were designed, and the following conclusions were drawn: First, men tend to be more independent and socially dominant. They tend to take indicative leadership to influence the environment, emphasizing control over others and avoiding being influenced by the environment. Men tend not to be influenced by implicit stereotypes that respond to social expectations. On the contrary, women tend to show renewed strong connections and pay more attention to environmental cues and social relations. Leadership is more focused on integrating other people's views, and is naturally willing to identify and understand environmental cues and other people's emotions. Women's implicit scientific attitudes are more likely to be influenced by implicit stereotypes that respond to social expectations. Second, at the level of willingness to participate in science, when women in different fields face the threat of implicit stereotype aroused by the activation of romantic goals, their coping strategies are significantly different in the field of science. Have good long-term goals in the field of science, even under the condition of romantic goal activation, female researchers are still more likely to choose stereotyped strategies than women in other fields. In order to prove that stereotype does not apply to them, that is, under the condition that stereotype is activated, women who are too scientific still tend to make greater efforts and make better performance in the field of stereotype. Increasing the willingness to participate in science. Women who work in non-scientific fields will also be aroused gender roles and implicit gender stereotypes when romantic goals are activated. However, because they do not have the long-term goal of performing well in the field of science, they tend to take the role of gender and stay away from the field of science, which shows that the willingness to participate in science is significantly reduced under the condition of the activation of romantic goal. Third, in the level of scientific expression. The coping strategies of women in different fields in the face of the threat of implicit stereotype aroused by the activation of romantic goals also show significant differences in the domain. The specific manifestation is that women working in the field of science work under the condition of the activation of romantic goals. Demonstrate a better ability to present creative scientific questions; Women working in non-scientific fields showed poorer ability to raise creative scientific questions when romantic goals were activated.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B844.2

【相似文献】