近20年俄罗斯教学论研究和教学实践改革

发布时间：2018-03-18 18:28

本文选题：俄罗斯教育　切入点：俄罗斯学校教学改革　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1991年12月25日苏联宣告解体，开始了俄罗斯联邦教育发展的历史时期。1991年俄罗斯联邦总统令《关于俄罗斯联邦教育发展的首要措施》、1992年《教育法》的颁布，宣布了新时期俄罗斯教育改革的开始，此后20年来改革得到不断发展。回顾这段历史，了解俄罗斯联邦政府有关教育和教学改革的政策、法规及其对教学改革实践的推动作用，了解新时期教学理论研究和教学实践改革的进展及其成就和问题，是本论文的主题。论文对20年来俄罗斯联邦教学改革中的下述问题作了系统地考察：20年来俄罗斯联邦政府的教学改革政策；20年来俄罗斯教学论研究的发展；20年来俄罗斯教学实验研究发展；20年来俄罗斯教学模式设计、教学方法和手段研究；当今俄罗斯学校教学改革现状——成就和问题。上述研究是建立在大量的俄罗斯教育发展和教学改革历史文献、中国研究苏联和俄罗斯联邦教育和教学文献以及对俄罗斯不同地区学校教学改革的实地考察基础之上的，并力求考察是系统、全面、客观的，这是完成论文主题研究的基本原则。论文认为，20年来俄罗斯联邦教学理论研究取得了重大进展，这主要表现在继承了俄罗斯教学论研究的优良传统，特别是继承了苏联时期力求革新的教学论研究的宝贵遗产，并借鉴了世界各国的教学理论研究成果，深刻地阐述了现代人道主义教学观和教学论方法论的多元化取向，对教学论研究的各个范畴进行了新的探索，丰富了教学理论，并推动了教学论学科的发展。同时，俄罗斯联邦的学校教学改革在联邦政府政策引导下和新教学观、新教学理论启发下，开展得很广泛，并在社会多元化思潮影响下，教学改革主张和实验方案也呈现出多样化的特点。传统没有被抛弃而且取得新的阐述；新思想、新主张被广泛接受，并被付诸实验。这使得现今俄罗斯联邦学校教学实践有了全新面貌。论文也注意分析了阻碍改革发展的因素，，试图告诉人们，改革没有时间边界，未来还需要勇于改革者去开拓。最后论文希望能够引起俄罗斯教学改革和研究领域的理论家、改革家和教学实践者关注，对中国一些关注俄罗斯教学改革的研究者也能有所助益。
[Abstract]:The dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25th 1991 began the historical period of the development of education in the Russian Federation. In 1991, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation "on the first measures for the Development of Education in the Russian Federation", the promulgation of the Education Act of 1992, Having declared the beginning of a new era of Russian educational reform, which has evolved continuously over the next 20 years. Recalling this period of history and understanding the policies, regulations and regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation concerning the reform of education and teaching and their contribution to the practice of teaching reform, It is the theme of this thesis to understand the progress, achievements and problems of teaching theory research and teaching practice reform in the new period. The paper systematically examines the following problems in the teaching reform of the Russian Federation in the past 20 years: the teaching reform policy of the Russian government in the past 20 years; the development of Russian teaching theory research in the past 20 years; and the Russian teaching experiment in the past 20 years. Research and development; 20 years of Russian teaching model design, Research on teaching methods and means; current situation of teaching reform in Russian schools-achievements and problems. The above research is based on a large number of historical documents on Russian educational development and teaching reform, China has studied the educational and teaching literature in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, as well as field visits to the teaching reform of schools in different regions of Russia, and has made every effort to investigate them systematically, comprehensively and objectively. This is the basic principle that completes the thesis theme research. The paper holds that great progress has been made in the research of teaching theory in the Russian Federation in the past 20 years, which is mainly manifested in the inheritance of the fine tradition of Russian teaching theory research, especially the precious heritage of the teaching theory research which sought to innovate during the Soviet period. Drawing lessons from the research results of teaching theory in the world, this paper deeply expounds the pluralistic orientation of modern humanitarianism teaching view and teaching theory methodology, and makes a new exploration of each category of teaching theory research, which enriches the teaching theory. At the same time, under the guidance of the policy of the federal government and the new teaching concept and the new teaching theory, the reform of school teaching in the Russian Federation has been carried out extensively under the influence of the trend of social pluralism. The teaching reform ideas and experimental programs also show a variety of characteristics. Tradition has not been abandoned and has gained new exposition; new ideas and new ideas have been widely accepted. This gives a new look to the teaching practice in schools in the Russian Federation today. The paper also analyzes the factors hindering the development of reform, trying to tell people that reform has no time boundary, and that the future needs to be explored by reformers. Finally, the paper hopes to attract the attention of theorists, reformers and teaching practitioners in the field of Russian teaching reform and research, and it will also be helpful to some Chinese researchers who pay attention to Russian teaching reform.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G420

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