从神话到历史:教育中未曾发生的“哥白尼革命”

发布时间：2018-01-20 02:55

本文关键词： 卢梭哥白尼革命儿童观儿童中心论教育史　出处：《教育学报》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：卢梭的教育思想常被教育史学界誉为教育重心从成人转向儿童的重大转折,是教育史上的"哥白尼革命",由此形成了流传百年的美丽"神话"。借鉴儿童史、社会史等学科研究成果,从儿童服饰、儿童艺术、成年人对儿童的态度和对儿童教育的关注等来看,14—18世纪欧洲社会在儿童观和儿童教育观念发生的重大变化,说明欧洲近代儿童观变迁具有深刻的历史基础,并非是卢梭的先知先觉。从卢梭教育思想对18—19世纪欧洲教育的影响来看,教育史上这一所谓的"哥白尼革命",不过是一场因崇拜卢梭而虚构的"革命"。虽然卢梭曾对西方教育的历史变迁产生了重大影响,但人为夸大这种影响并无助于科学的历史认识。
[Abstract]:Rousseau's educational thought is often regarded as the turning point of the educational center from adult to child by educational history, which is the "Copernican Revolution" in the history of education, thus forming the beautiful "myth" spread for a hundred years and drawing lessons from the history of children. Social history and other disciplines of research results, from the children's clothing, children's art, adults' attitude towards children and attention to children's education and so on. The great changes in the concept of children and children's education in European society in the 14-18 century show that the changes of modern European views on children have profound historical basis. It is not Rousseau's foresight. According to the influence of Rousseau's educational thought on European education in the 18th and 19th century, this so-called "Copernican Revolution" in the history of education is called "Copernican Revolution". Although Rousseau once had a great influence on the historical changes of western education, it was not helpful to the scientific historical understanding to exaggerate the influence artificially.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学教育历史与文化研究院;
【基金】：北京师范大学“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”资助
【分类号】：G40-09
【正文快照】： 近一个世纪以来,在教育史学界乃至教育学界,一直流传着一个神话,并被不同时期的人们反复传诵。这个神话将卢梭比作解放儿童的天使,看作是扭转教育乾坤的天神,并认为卢梭曾发动了一场从根本上改变教育历史进程的重大革命,这场革命通常被誉为“哥白尼革命”,卢梭则因此被赞为教

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