小学生“冷和热”概念转变的心理机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 21:22

本文选题：小学生　切入点：科学概念　出处：《山西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学概念是学生进一步深入学习的基础，同时学生对科学概念的学习受到学生已有知识经验和认知结构的影响，，但学生的已有概念并不都是科学概念，有一些概念是模糊、不完整的，甚至是错误概念，因此学生怎样将已有的概念转变为科学概念，将新概念纳入自己的认知结构，成为近年认知研究的热点之一。目前国外针对概念转变的研究较为全面、深入，近几年我国的研究者也更加关注概念转变的基础认知机制和促进概念改变的过程。但目前国内关于概念转变的研究大多集中于中学生的概念转变过程，缺乏关于小学生科学概念转变的研究，并且国内大多数有关概念转变的研究关注于教学策略研究，缺乏小学生概念转变的心理机制研究。因此本研究通过对小学生进行有关“冷和热”的概念的训练和研究，探索小学生科学概念转变的心理机制。本研究采用定性研究与定量研究相结合，使用问卷法、实验法、访谈法等多种研究方法相结合，以小学四年级学生为研究对象，以“冷和热”的概念转变为研究内容，编制了小学生“冷和热”的相关概念的前后测问卷,研究小学四年级学生科学概念转变的心理机制。研究的主要结论如下：一、小学生“冷和热”概念转变过程中的心理机制主要有：理解接受、对比理解、推理理解、特例分析和观察理解。二、小学生“冷和热”概念转变过程主要经历了以下四个阶段：准备阶段、运演阶段、完成阶段、强化阶段。三、小学生“冷和热”概念转变的影响因素主要有儿童的认知发展水平、儿童的“概念生态圈”和课堂教学活动的影响。
[Abstract]:The concept of science is the basis of further study, and the students' study of the concept of science is influenced by the students' existing knowledge, experience and cognitive structure. However, the existing concepts of students are not all scientific concepts, some of which are vague. Incomplete or even false concepts, so how do students transform existing concepts into scientific concepts and incorporate new concepts into their cognitive structures, It has become one of the hotspots of cognitive research in recent years. In recent years, Chinese researchers have also paid more attention to the basic cognitive mechanism of conceptual change and the process of promoting conceptual change. There is a lack of research on the transformation of scientific concepts in primary school students, and most of the researches on conceptual change in China focus on teaching strategies. Therefore, through the training and research on the concept of "cold and heat", this study explores the psychological mechanism of the transformation of elementary school students' scientific concept. In this study, qualitative and quantitative studies were combined with questionnaire, experiment, interview and other research methods. The fourth grade students in primary school were taken as the object of study, and the concept of "cold and heat" was changed as the research content. A pre-and post-test questionnaire on the related concepts of "cold and heat" for primary school students was developed to study the psychological mechanism of the transformation of scientific concepts among students in grade four of primary school. The main conclusions of the study are as follows:. First, the psychological mechanism in the transformation of the concept of "cold and heat" in primary school students mainly includes: understanding and acceptance, contrast understanding, reasoning understanding, special case analysis and observation and understanding. Secondly, the transformation process of the concept of "cold and heat" in primary school students has experienced the following four stages: preparation stage, operational stage, completion stage and strengthening stage. Thirdly, the main factors influencing the change of the concept of "cold and heat" in primary school students are the level of cognitive development of children, the influence of children's "concept ecosphere" and classroom teaching activities.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.1

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