安徽省w县义务教育均衡发展问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 06:54

本文选题：教育均衡　切入点：义务教育　出处：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会主义市场经济体制的推进,我国的经济取得了一个举世瞩目的飞跃发展,由“生存型”社会转型为“发展型”社会,人们的幸福指数则到了更高的水平,为此伴随而来的则是居民对公共服务产品的需求有了更高的增长公共服务不到位,不均等的矛盾现象,其中突出表现在城乡、地区间、群体非均衡发展导致发展差距过大。教育、医疗等基本公共服务均等化成为人们日益关注的热点问题。同时随着我国综合国力的增强,财政收入规模的迅速扩大,这也为实现政府基本公共服务均等化提供了物质保障和现实的可行性。为此,实现基本公共服务均等化,完善政府公共管理职能,提高政府公共服务形象,则成为我国当下政府体制改革的首要目标。本文以安徽省W县为例,依据该县在推进义务教育标准化学校建设前后情况的发展,缩小城乡义务教育差距等问题进行阐述。我国于1986颁布了《义务教育法》,明确了实行九年义务教育的基本方针。但由于经济发展缓慢尤其我国农村经济发展更为滞后,农村九年义务教育阶段的辍学现象较为普遍。自2006年始,我国有步骤地在全国范围内逐步进行义务教育经费保障机制改革,义务教育经费纳入了国家财政保障范围,这从根本上实现了免费的义务教育,彻底解决了城乡中小学生“有学上”的问题,九年义务教育才从根本上得以全面的实现。但是,由于城乡二元经济结构的存在,义务教育在城乡之间的发展还存在明显的差距,城乡义务教育不均衡化的矛盾愈加的突出,人们的教育权益呈现着不公平性,在现有的国情下,资源的绝对平等的分配是无法实现的现实,但资源的相对均衡的分配,尽力提升农村地区的办学水平则是现实可能的途径。2010年7月,党中央、国务院召开了新世纪第一次全国教育工作会议,颁布了《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020)》,明确提出：“教育公平的关键是机会公平,基本要求是保障公民依法享有受教育的权利,重点是促进义务教育均衡发展和扶持困难群众,根本措施是合理配置教育资源。”深入推进义务教育均衡发展,大力提升农村学校和薄弱学校的办学水平,全面提高义务教育的质量,在基本解决适龄儿童少年“有学上”的问题后逐步解决义务教育资源配置不均问题,以实现人们“上好学”的诉求。该《纲要》颁布则从政策上给出了我国推动义务教育均衡发展的时间表,这对于推动农村经济发展,构建社会主义和谐社会,促进教育公平、推动教育事业科学发展以及强化政府公共服务职能具有重大的现实和深远的意义。城乡义务教育统筹发展,均衡合理配置教师、教学仪器、图书、校舍等资源,办好每一所学校,解决每一个孩子“上好学”的问题是当前推进义务教育办学标准化建设,促进义务教育均衡发展的指导思想。纵观W县农村义务教育均衡发展、实现教育公平进程出现的问题主要表现在城乡校际差距的问题、城乡中小学师资队伍建设与统筹问题、农村义务教育财政投入不足问题这三个方面,究其诱因则体现在政府政策的倾向、城乡二元经济发展结构、财政投入、社会文化价值观念在农村中小学的轻视,导致农村学校在资源配置、经费收支、社会的认可度方面都城市学校相距甚大。而解决这些制约农村义务教育均衡发展,实现教育公平发展的现实问题,必须从加强政府职责,促进农村经济,统筹城乡教育资源,加强农村师资建设,制定有利于农村义务教育发展的政策着手。笔者通过对义务教育均衡发展理论的探讨以及对W县农村义务教育发展情状分析,初步地从经济、政策、社会等方面入手,探索以发展农村经济、强化政府基本公共服务责任、制定科学的财政制度、合理配置教育资源、加强师资队伍建设等为途径的基本对策,以期能够进一步促进农村义务教育均衡发展,缩小城乡义务教育差距,全面提高义务教育质量,使农村义务教育均衡发展呈现良好态势,最终实现教育公平。
[Abstract]:With the development of the socialist market economy, China's economy has achieved a remarkable leap in the development of the transformation from "survival" to "social development" of society, people's happiness index to a higher level, the attendant is the demand for public service of a product more public services are not in place, contradiction does not equal, especially in urban and rural areas, between groups of non balanced development led to the development of education. The gap is too large, equal access to basic public services such as health care has become a hot issue. At the same time as China's overall national strength, the rapid expansion of the scale of fiscal income, which also provides a feasible and practical for material guarantee equal access to basic public services of the government. Therefore, to achieve the equalization of basic public services, improve the government's public management functions, improve the government The image of the government's public service has become the primary goal of the reform of the current government system in China.
This paper takes W County in Anhui Province as an example, on the basis of the development of compulsory education in the county before and after the construction of standardized school situation, problems of narrowing the gap between urban and rural compulsory education and so on. China promulgated the "Compulsory Education Law > in 1986, clear the basic principles of implementing the compulsory education of nine years. But due to the slow economic development in particular China's rural economic development is lagging behind, the phenomenon of rural school nine year compulsory education is more common. Since the beginning of 2006, China steps in the nationwide reform of funding mechanism for compulsory education, compulsory education into the scope of protection of national finance, the implementation of the free compulsory education fundamentally and thoroughly to solve the urban and rural primary and middle school students" school "problems, nine years of compulsory education is fundamentally fully realized. However, due to the economic structure of two yuan in urban and rural areas, compulsory education in the city There is still a significant gap between the development of rural, urban and rural compulsory education is not balanced contradiction of the increasingly prominent, people's education rights has the unfairness in the existing conditions, resource allocation is not absolute equality of reality, but a relatively balanced distribution of resources, to improve the rural area school the level of.2010 is the realistic ways possible in July, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council held the first National Conference on education of new century, "promulgated the national long-term education reform and development plan (2010-2020) >, clearly stated:" the key education fair is a fair chance, the basic requirement is to safeguard citizen education right, the focus is to promote the balanced development of compulsory education and support the difficulties of the masses, the fundamental measures of the rational allocation of educational resources. To further promote the balanced development of compulsory education, a large force to promote the rural schools School and weak school level, improve the quality of compulsory education, in school-age children "school" problems gradually solve the resource allocation of compulsory education is to solve the basic problems to realize people "demands on learning". The "outline > issued from the policy gives our country to promote the balanced development of compulsory education schedule, to promote the economic development, building a socialist harmonious society, promote education fairness, promote the scientific development of education and is of great realistic and far-reaching significance of strengthening government public service function. The overall development of urban and rural compulsory education, balanced allocation of teachers, teaching equipment, books, school buildings and other resources to run every school, every child to solve the" good learning "is the current school education standards promote compulsory construction, promote the balanced development of compulsory education guidance Want to. The balanced development of rural compulsory education in W County, implementation process of educational fairness problems mainly in the gap between schools in urban and rural areas, teachers' construction and planning problem of urban and rural schools, lack of financial investment in rural compulsory education in these three aspects, the cause is reflected in the tendency of government policy, structure, development of urban and rural areas two yuan economic and financial investment, social and cultural values in the rural schools of contempt, leading to the school in the allocation of resources, income and expenditure, social recognition the city there is a big school. And solve these constraints the balanced development of compulsory education in rural areas, realize the practical problems of the development of education fairness, must strengthen the responsibility of government. To promote the rural economy, urban and rural educational resources, strengthen the construction of rural teachers, the development is conducive to the development of rural compulsory education policies. The author through the compulsory education are To explore the balance development theory as well as the W county rural compulsory education development situation analysis, primarily from the economic, policy, social and other aspects, to explore the development of rural economy, strengthen the responsibility of basic public service government, establish scientific financial system, the rational allocation of educational resources, strengthen the construction of teachers is the basic countermeasures, in order to to further promote the balanced development of compulsory education in rural areas, narrowing the gap between urban and rural compulsory education, improve the quality of compulsory education, the compulsory education balanced development in rural areas is a good trend, and ultimately achieve educational equity.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G522.3

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