20世纪30年代开封教育实验区的乡土教育——平民教育家李廉方的乡土教育实践

发布时间：2018-05-08 16:13

本文选题：李廉方 + 乡土教育　；参考：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：乡土教育是国民教育的重要内容之一,也是近代中国教育体系的重要组成部分。20世纪30年代,开封教育实验区开展了生气勃勃的乡土教育实践活动,取得了显著成绩。开封教育实验区的实验之所以被专家评为抗战前中国八大教育实验之一,乡土教育的成功实践功不可没。这个实践活动的主持者是杰出的平民教育家李廉方。李廉方一生立足地方文化,关注平民教育,重视乡土教学。他提出教育应适应生活环境,小学教材应以乡土为基,教材应适应于地方需要和儿童需要。他主持开封教育实验区的乡土教育实践活动,课程规划分为文艺、劳作、游戏、特别练习四类;课程组织主要是"单元活动"。实验区常委会组织编辑、出版了一批适应于地方和时令的乡土教材,如《禹王台与繁塔》、《相国寺》、《端午》等。开封教育实验区的乡土教育是以乡土教材为内容,以"廉方教学法"为主要方法进行的。"廉方教学法"以单元教学为主要方式,革新了过去教学上的诸多弊端,创造了一种适合中国国情的教学方法。这些做法不仅有利于学生发展,对教师的成长也有重要作用。李廉方的乡土教育思想和实践对于今天的教育改革仍有重要的启发意义。
[Abstract]:Local education is one of the important contents of national education. It is also an important part of modern Chinese education system in the 30s of.20 century. Kaifeng education experimentation area has carried out vigorous local education practice and achieved remarkable achievements. The experiment of Kaifeng education experimentation area was appraised by experts as the eight major educational experiments before the war of resistance. One of them is the successful practice of local education. The leader of this practice is Li Lian Fang, an outstanding educator of common people. Li Lian Fang, based on local culture, pays attention to the education of civilians, and attaches importance to local teaching. He puts forward that education should adapt to the living environment, the teaching materials should be based on local soil, and the teaching materials should be adapted to local needs and children's needs. He presided over the practice of local education in Kaifeng education experimentation area. The curriculum planning was divided into four categories: literature, work, games and special exercises; the course organization was mainly "unit activities". The Standing Committee of the experimentation area organized the editor, and published a batch of local textbooks adapted to local and current times, such as "Yu Wang Tai and fan tower >" "Xiang Guo Temple >" and "Dragon Boat >". The rural education in the experimentation area is carried out with the content of local textbooks and the "Lian Fang teaching method" as the main method. The "Lian Fang teaching method" is based on unit teaching, innovating many shortcomings in the past teaching and creating a teaching method suitable for the national conditions of China. These methods are not only conducive to the development of students, but also for the growth of teachers. Li Lian Fang's local education thought and practice still have important inspiration for today's education reform.

【作者单位】：北京师范大学马克思主义学院;北京体育职业学院公共教研室;
【分类号】：G529

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