基于经济学视角的我国“过度教育”现象研究

发布时间：2019-03-30 23:12

【摘要】：科学技术、知识技能已成为现代经济社会发展的重要基石。高等教育作为培养高科技、高素质人才的重要抓手，不仅有助于促进整体社会的可持续发展，还可以有效拉动经济增长、促进人民素质提升。要实现教育快速发展，就要持续加大对教育的投入，只有实现教育现代化，才能为实现科教兴国战略提供最强有力的支持。一国的教育水平应当与该国经济发展水平相一致，或适当超前于该国经济发展水平，否则，会对其经济发展产生诸多负面影响。自从1999年我国实施高等教育扩招政策以来，我国高校招生规模增速一直保持较高水平，且这个增速已经超过了同期内社会经济发展的增速。从数量上看，高校毕业生人数远超过劳动市场中的岗位空缺数，从质量上看，“高知低就”、“知识失业”现象频现。本文以人力资本理论、筛选理论、工作竞争理论等作为理论基础，对过度教育作出了经济学解释，并结合我国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情，，提出了我国过度教育的概念；对我国是否存在过度教育作出判断，同时对我国过度教育的表现、成因和负面影响进行了详细论述；采用供需平衡理论对我国过度教育成因进行了分析；运用边际成本、边际收益曲线，对过度教育产生的负面影响进行了探究；从国家、高校、企业、个人四个角度出发，提出了缓解过度教育问题的对策和建议，以期促进教育事业和社会经济的共同发展。
[Abstract]:Science and technology, knowledge and skills have become an important cornerstone of modern economic and social development. As an important hand to train high-tech and high-quality talents, higher education not only helps to promote the sustainable development of the whole society, but also can effectively stimulate economic growth and promote the quality of the people. In order to realize the rapid development of education, it is necessary to continuously increase the investment in education. Only by realizing the modernization of education can we provide the most powerful support for the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. The educational level of a country should be consistent with the level of its economic development or properly ahead of the level of its economic development, otherwise, it will have many negative effects on its economic development. Since China implemented the policy of expanding enrollment of higher education in 1999, the growth rate of enrollment scale of colleges and universities in China has maintained a high level, and this growth rate has exceeded the growth rate of social and economic development in the same period. From a quantitative point of view, the number of college graduates far exceeds the number of job vacancies in the labor market. In terms of quality, the phenomenon of "knowledge is low" and "knowledge unemployment" are frequent. Based on the theory of human capital, the theory of screening and the theory of job competition, this paper makes an economic explanation of over-education, and puts forward the concept of over-education in China in the light of the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism in China. This paper makes a judgment on the existence of over-education in China, and discusses in detail the performance, causes and negative effects of over-education in China, analyzes the causes of excessive education in China with the theory of balance of supply and demand, and makes an analysis of the causes of excessive education in China. Using marginal cost and marginal profit curve, this paper probes into the negative influence of over-education. From the four angles of state, university, enterprise and individual, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the problem of over-education in order to promote the common development of education and social economy.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G521

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