气质与父母养育对儿童社会适应的交互作用:代表性理论及其证据

发布时间：2018-01-08 01:06

本文关键词：气质与父母养育对儿童社会适应的交互作用:代表性理论及其证据　出处：《心理科学进展》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：最佳适配理论、素质-压力模型、差别易感模型从不同视角阐述了气质、养育方式在儿童社会适应行为中的交互作用机制。最佳适配理论强调气质特质与父母养育方式的良好匹配能促进儿童的社会适应,而不良匹配则会带来适应问题。素质-压力模型强调在不利父母养育条件下,具有"风险"气质特质的儿童更容易出现适应不良,而对"弹性"气质的儿童影响不大。差别易感模型则认为儿童"易感"的气质特质在良好的抚养条件下表现得"更好",而在不利的抚养环境中表现得"更差"。围绕三种代表性理论及其实证研究结果,对当前最新研究结果进行了分析和总结,进一步细分了儿童社会化过程中的风险因素和保护性因素。从气质与积极养育方式的交互作用、养育过程中父母角色分工的差异,以及气质与养育方式动态作用机制三个方面指出了将来进一步探索的方向。
[Abstract]:The best fit theory, diathesis stress model, differential susceptibility model temperament are discussed from different perspective, to adapt to the interaction of parenting behavior in children's social adaptation. The best theory emphasizes the temperament traits and parental rearing styles of the good matching can promote children's social adaptation, and bad matches will bring to problems. Diathesis stress model emphasizes parental rearing in adverse conditions, with the risk of children's temperament traits are more prone to maladjustment, and the "elastic" temperament children have little effect. The susceptible model difference is that children are "vulnerable" temperament characteristic "better" in good condition and raise. In the adverse environment in raising performance was "worse". Around three representative theories and empirical research results, the latest research results are analyzed and summarized, further subdivided the socialization of children. The risk factors and protective factors are discussed. The future directions for further exploration are pointed out from three aspects: the interaction between temperament and positive nurturing mode, the difference of parental role division in the process of parenting, and the dynamic mechanism of temperament and parenting style.

【作者单位】：东南大学儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室/儿童发展与教育研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“儿童早期意志控制对学校适应的作用机制与培养研究”(CBA140147)
【分类号】：B844.1
【正文快照】： 社会化是由自然人变成社会人的过程,也是个体成长的必经阶段。社会性发展是指个体在生物遗传的基础上,通过与社会环境的相互作用,掌握社会行为规范、价值观念、社会技能,适应社会生活,成为一个独立社会人的过程(刘建榕,连榕,2012)。亲子交往是个体社会化的开端,具有先天遗传基

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