基于身心关系的柏拉图教化哲学研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 18:16

本文关键词：基于身心关系的柏拉图教化哲学研究　出处：《湖南师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以柏拉图笔下的苏格拉底的爱欲生死为原型,通过文本细读还原柏拉图教化哲学中爱欲与死亡的本质,进而探寻一条建立在和谐身心关系基础上的教化之路。柏拉图通过对苏格拉底爱欲的记录,描绘出了一条爱欲不断上升的道路:从爱一个美的身体到爱所有美的身体再到爱美的灵魂,经由健康的生活方式得以学习纯粹知识,进而上升到爱美本身。本文以苏格拉底与俊美青年阿尔喀比亚德之间的关系为原型,探究分析柏拉图笔下爱的本质乃是对美好事物的恒久热望,渴望永远拥有美好但又始终无法得到,因而只能恒久地处于热望之中。哲人的最高爱欲乃是对智慧的追求,智慧的获得需要以纯粹的灵魂来观照事物本身,因而对于追求智慧而言,身体就成了一种障碍,因此爱智慧就要求灵魂尽量避免来自身体的干扰,而这就是趋近死亡。死亡就是身体与灵魂的分离,面向死亡身体将迅速腐朽,而灵魂却因其不朽而走向另一个世界。本文在阐释苏格拉底之所以安然地选择了正义地面对不公正的死亡判决,并非因为对生的无爱,而是出于对哲学对美善的爱早已超越了生死,揭示苏格拉底之死的教化意义在于劝告活着的世人应善待自己的灵魂,向死而生,在爱中过有省察的生活。柏拉图的教化之路就在于:死亡是对最高爱欲的成全;认识死亡是人之为人的起点,向死而生才是其教化的真谛,而如何更好地生,实则就是爱欲的上升问题。这样的一条教化之路,是从身体之爱开始、以纯粹灵魂之爱告终。柏拉图教化之路的意义就在于启示当下生命教育应重新审视身体与灵魂的关系,并应保持健康的生活方式、通过培养对美好事物的爱欲,来引领孩子合理认识生命、积极阳光地走进生活。
[Abstract]:This paper takes Socrates' Eros and death as the prototype of Plato's works, and reads the essence of Eros and death in Plato's edification philosophy through a close reading of the text. And then explore a path of enlightenment based on harmonious physical and mental relationship. Plato through the record of Socrates' love desire. Describes a rising path of love: from loving a beautiful body to loving all beautiful bodies to loving beauty's soul, learning pure knowledge through a healthy lifestyle. Based on the relationship between Socrates and the handsome young Arkabiad, this paper explores the nature of love in Plato's works, which is a constant desire for good things. The desire is always beautiful, but always impossible to get, and therefore can only be in constant desire. The highest desire of the philosopher is the pursuit of wisdom, the acquisition of wisdom requires the pure soul to look at the thing itself. Therefore, the body becomes an obstacle to the pursuit of wisdom, so loving wisdom requires the soul to avoid interference from the body as much as possible, and this is approaching death. Death is the separation of body and soul. Facing death, the body will decay quickly, while the soul will go to another world because of its immortality. This article explains why Socrates chose to face the unjust death judgment in a just way. It is not because there is no love for life, but because the love for beauty and goodness in philosophy has already transcended life and death. The enlightenment of Socrates' death is to advise the living people to treat their souls well and live to die. To live a life of contemplation in love. Plato's path of enlightenment lies in: death is the fulfillment of the highest lust; Understanding death is the starting point of human beings, and to die and live is the true meaning of its enlightenment, and how to better live is actually the rising problem of love. Such a path of enlightenment begins with the love of the body. The significance of Plato's enlightenment lies in the revelation that life education should re-examine the relationship between body and soul, and should maintain a healthy way of life, through the cultivation of love for beautiful things. To guide children to understand life reasonably, positive into the sun into life.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G40-02

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