高等教育慕课市场的学分认定机制

发布时间：2018-01-13 11:13

本文关键词：高等教育慕课市场的学分认定机制　出处：《开放教育研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：随着课程数量和学习人数持续增长,慕课为高等教育发展提供了新的市场机遇。为慕课授予学分已成为大学应对挑战的一项策略。慕课的出现让大学的教育功能和授予学分的功能可以相分离。大学正在分化为开设慕课的大学和引进慕课的大学,高等教育的竞争格局正在发生变化。根据课程和学分的来源,大学为慕课授予学分可分为自授学分、联盟学分、合作学分和认证学分四种模式。通过比较世界各国出现的慕课学分认定策略,本研究发现高等教育市场环境和制度环境会影响不同学分模式下授予慕课学分产生的成本和收益。不同国家所处的高等教育发展阶段及其目标导致各国选择了不同的慕课学分模式。美国作为高等教育强国,其大学并不积极引进尚处于初期发展阶段的慕课课程。美国的慕课平台与一流大学目前主要采用自授学分模式,针对准备进入大学和研究生院的学习者推出学分课程。印度作为欠发达人口大国,亟需利用慕课扩大高等教育质量和入学机会。因此,印度政府与其国家慕课平台采用政府主导的认证学分模式,让著名大学提供优质课程,并要求普通大学引进慕课并为之授予学分。中国作为中等收入的高等教育大国,需要借助慕课提升高等教育质量。中国的慕课平台和大学主要使用合作学分模式建立竞争性课程市场,从而更有利于推动慕课创新。四种慕课学分模式各有所长,可视为一组政策工具,加以灵活运用,促进慕课市场的成长。中国应当破除学分制度存在的障碍,引入自授学分和认证学分模式激励大学提供优质课程,释放慕课提升高等教育质量的潜力。
[Abstract]:As the number of courses and the number of students continues to grow. The Moo course provides a new market opportunity for the development of higher education. The granting of credit has become a strategy for the university to meet the challenge. The appearance of the Mumo course makes the educational function of the university and the function of granting credit can be separated from each other. It is being divided into a university offering a course of study and a university introducing a course of study. The competitive pattern of higher education is changing. According to the source of courses and credits, the credit awarded by universities can be divided into self-granting credits and coalition credits. Four modes of cooperative credit and certification credit are compared by comparing the strategies of credit recognition in different countries in the world. This study finds that the market environment and institutional environment of higher education will affect the costs and benefits of granting credits under different credit models. The stage of higher education development and its objectives in different countries lead countries to choose not to. The same credit model. The United States as a powerful country in higher education. Its universities do not actively introduce the curriculum, which is still in the initial stage of development. The main mode of self-credit is used in the Moo platform and the first-class universities in the United States. Introduction of credit courses for learners preparing to enter universities and graduate schools. As a country with an underdeveloped population, India urgently needs to expand the quality of higher education and access opportunities through the use of these courses. The Indian government and its national curriculum platform use the government-led certification credit model to allow leading universities to offer quality courses. China is a large country with middle income higher education. We need to improve the quality of higher education with the help of mousing courses. In China, the platform and universities mainly use the cooperative credit model to establish the competitive curriculum market. Thus, it is more conducive to promote the innovation. The four kinds of credit models have their own strengths, can be regarded as a set of policy tools, to be used flexibly to promote the growth of the market. China should break down the obstacles of the credit system. Self-credit and certification credit models are introduced to encourage universities to provide quality courses and release the potential of mousing courses to improve the quality of higher education.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学教育学部教育经济研究所;
【基金】：全国教育科学“十二五”规划2014年度教育部重点课题“慕课提升高等教育质量的机制设计研究”(DIA140306)
【分类号】：G434
【正文快照】： 一、引言慕课为千万人创造了接受优质高等教育的机会。随着课程数量和学习人数日益增加,如何为学习者提供社会认可的学分或学位成为慕课未来发展亟需解决的关键问题。慕课诞生之初,出于对课程质量和学习效果的担忧,多数大学对授予慕课学分态度谨慎,慕课平台颁发的课程证书也未

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