美英智库参与教育政策过程研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 22:02

本文关键词：美英智库参与教育政策过程研究　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：智库在西方一些发达国家起步较早,发展比较成熟,特别是在美国、英国等国家,智库生成的咨询与策划业,已经形成相当规模的产业群,不但成为经济体系的一个十分重要的组成部分,对国家的政治,文化等各个领域也有相当大的影响。英美智库是开放的政治体制,可以更多的形成具有专家声音的建议和意见,通过多种多样的方式以及渠道来反映出现的问题。美国、英国智库智库法律法规相对完善,并且资金来源渠道多元,力求独立。在英美国家,智库可以说是参与政策制定过程的核心,无时无刻的通过自己的影响力影响着国家政策的制定,同时智库对教育的影响力也非常之巨大并且比较成熟。美国、英国等国智库在教育政策形成过程中有着多种多样的影响。在教育政策中,智库不仅进行着产生新思想的理论研究,还针对教育现状产生的种种难题提供解决思路。同时,西方等国的"旋转门"机制不仅给智库发挥影响力提供了一方便的渠道,还增强了政府决策的效能。同时,智库一方面通过多种方式引导舆论走向,影响大众的观点,达到影响决策的作用。另一方面也常借助大众传媒影响政策。美国、英国智库在参与教育政策过程的各个阶段路径比较完整,内容相对比较成熟。如美国智库在参与某一项政策决策时都具由非常明确的目标性,它们的最终目标都在于帮助服务对象改进其决策的水平,提高其决策的质量。同美国、英国智库的综合能力及影响力对比来看,中国智库在建设的各个环节都才刚刚起步,综合能力及研究实力都远远不及欧美等国,在参与教育政策的过程中,对决策的咨询、社会效益转化的渠道不够畅通、效率不高、传播力、影响力还不大。我国智库建言献策的影响力还不够,服务决策的能力也有所欠缺。其次,人才流通性不强,我国"旋转门"制度还不通常,无法达成美国英国智库的高效,虽然部分退休官员已从行政体系流动到智库体系,但这仅仅是单一渠道的流通。另外,开放程度不高,制约国际化水平和国际影响力提升。因此,提高决策的科学化对于国家治理具有重大意义。同时扶植多元智库类型,打破我国官方智库垄断"市场"的局面,大力发展独立、专业、自由的民间智库,必须要形成多元智库的竞相发展、形成各自特色发挥各自优势的局面。
[Abstract]:Think tanks in some developed countries in the West started early and developed more mature, especially in the United States, Britain and other countries, the consultation and planning industry generated by think tanks, has formed a considerable scale of industrial clusters. Not only become a very important part of the economic system, but also have a considerable impact on national politics, culture and other fields. The British and American think-tank is an open political system. More advice and opinions with expert voice can be formed, through a variety of ways and channels to reflect the problems. Think tanks in the United States, Britain and the laws and regulations are relatively perfect. In the Anglo-American countries, think tanks can be said to be the core of participating in the process of policy making, and influence the formulation of national policies through their own influence all the time. At the same time, the influence of think tanks on education is very great and mature. Think tanks in the United States, Britain and other countries have a variety of influences in the process of education policy formation. Think tanks not only carry out theoretical research to produce new ideas, but also provide solutions to various problems arising from the current educational situation. At the same time. The "revolving door" mechanism of the West and other countries not only provides a convenient channel for the think-tanks to exert their influence, but also enhances the effectiveness of government decision-making. On the one hand, the think-tanks guide public opinion in various ways. On the other hand, we often use the mass media to influence policy. The United States and Britain think tanks participate in the process of education policy in each stage of the path is relatively complete. The content is relatively mature. For example, when participating in a policy decision, think tanks in the United States have very clear objectives, and their ultimate goal is to help the clients to improve the level of their decisions. Compared with the comprehensive ability and influence of the United States and the British think tanks, the Chinese think tanks have just started in every aspect of their construction, and their comprehensive ability and research strength are far from those of Europe and the United States and other countries. In the process of participating in the education policy, the channels of social benefit transformation are not smooth enough, the efficiency is not high, the dissemination power is not high, the influence is not enough, and the influence of our country think tank's advice and advice is not enough. The ability of service decision-making is also lacking. Secondly, the talent circulation is not strong, the "revolving door" system in our country is not normal, which can not achieve the high efficiency of the American and British think-tank. Although some retired officials have moved from the administrative system to the think-tank system, this is only a single channel of circulation. In addition, the degree of openness is not high, restricting the level of internationalization and international influence. It is of great significance to improve the scientific decision-making for the governance of the country. At the same time, we should foster the types of multiple think-tanks, break the situation of monopoly of the "market" by our country's official think tanks, and vigorously develop independent, professional and free folk think tanks. It is necessary to form a competitive development of multiple think tanks and form a situation in which their respective characteristics give play to their respective advantages.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G510

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