小学生社会排斥问卷的编制

发布时间：2018-03-04 21:33

本文选题：小学生　切入点：社会排斥　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在儿童发展领域,社会排斥被定义为阻碍其他儿童获得友谊或加入社会团体。社会排斥既是个体间友谊形成的基础,同时也可以表现为敌对的形式,并以伤害他人为目的。并且无论以何种方式表现出的社会排斥,都会造成儿童在情绪和心理上的不良后果。本研究的目的在于探索小学生社会排斥的结构并编制适用于我国小学生群体的社会排斥自测问卷。本研究通过查阅国内外相关文献,对40名小学生、23名小学一线教师进行访谈,以及征求有关专家意见,提出了小学生社会排斥的五因素模型,编制了儿童社会排斥的预测问卷。根据项目分析以及对394份预测问卷进行探索性因素分析的结果,对项目进行删减,并将初始问卷中两个维度进行合并,将小学生社会排斥的五因素模型调整为四因素模型,最终形成儿童社会排斥的正式问卷;通过对来自沈阳市5所学校的1570份3-6年级小学生进行正式问卷的施测得到的有效问卷进行的统计分析,考察了问卷的信效度并探讨了社会排斥问卷得分在人口学变量上的差异。本研究结果表明:(1)我国小学生社会排斥由四个维度组成,包括拒绝、忽视、中伤以及差别对待。(2)根据本研究建构的理论模型编制的《小学生社会排斥问卷》具有较好的信效度,可以为小学心理健康教育中有关儿童社会交往的研究提供测量工具。(3)小学生社会排斥问卷得分在性别、生源地、年级、学习成绩、是否为班干、学校类型、家庭类型以及父母婚姻状况上差异显著。在性别方面,男生的社会排斥程度比女生高;生源地方面,生源地为农村的学生社会排斥问卷总分以及各维度得分均显著高于城镇学生;年级方面,四个年级的被试社会排斥问卷总分差异显著,其中三年级儿童的社会排斥得分显著高于其他三个年级;在学习成绩方面,学习成绩低的学生社会排斥问卷总分以及各维度得分显著高于成绩高的学生;班干差异上,班级干部社会排斥问卷总分以及各维度得分都显著低于普通学生;在不同学校类型中,市区农民工小学生的社会排斥得分显著高于其他各类型学校儿童;而在不同家庭类型的被试中,单亲家庭的儿童社会排斥问卷总分以及在各维度上的得分均显著高于其他类型家庭的儿童,而核心家庭大家庭的儿童得分则显著低于其他儿童。文章最后讨论了儿童社会排斥研究的教育启示。
[Abstract]:In the field of child development, social exclusion is defined as preventing other children from gaining friendship or joining social groups. Social exclusion is not only the basis of friendship between individuals, but also a form of hostility. And with a view to harming others. And in any way social exclusion, The purpose of this study is to explore the structure of primary school students' social exclusion and to compile a self-test questionnaire of social exclusion for primary school students in China. An interview was conducted among 40 primary school teachers and 23 primary school teachers, and a five-factor model of primary school students' social exclusion was proposed. According to the results of item analysis and exploratory factor analysis of 394 forecasting questionnaires, the items were deleted and the two dimensions of the initial questionnaire were combined. The five-factor model of primary school students' social exclusion is adjusted to four-factor model, and a formal questionnaire for children's social exclusion is formed. Based on the statistical analysis of 1570 valid questionnaires of pupils in grades 3-6 from 5 schools in Shenyang, The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were investigated and the difference of the score of social exclusion questionnaire in demographic variables was discussed. The results show that the social exclusion of primary school students in China consists of four dimensions, including rejection, neglect, and social exclusion. According to the theoretical model constructed by this study, the questionnaire on Social exclusion of Primary School students has good reliability and validity. It can be used as a measuring tool for the study of children's social interaction in primary school mental health education.) pupils' social exclusion questionnaire scores in gender, place of origin, grade, academic achievement, whether in class, school type, or not. There were significant differences in the type of family and marital status of parents. In terms of gender, male students were more socially excluded than girls. The total scores and dimensions of social exclusion questionnaire in rural areas were significantly higher than those of urban students, and there were significant differences in the total scores of social exclusion questionnaires among the four grades. The score of social exclusion of the third grade children was significantly higher than that of the other three grades; in the aspect of learning achievement, the total score and the scores of each dimension of the social exclusion questionnaire of the students with low academic achievement were significantly higher than those of the students with high scores. The total scores of class cadres' social exclusion questionnaire and the scores of each dimension were significantly lower than those of ordinary students, and in different school types, the scores of social exclusion of primary school students of rural migrant workers in urban areas were significantly higher than those of other types of school children. However, in the subjects of different family types, the total score of social exclusion questionnaire for children from single-parent families and the scores in each dimension were significantly higher than those of children from other types of families. However, the score of children in nuclear family is significantly lower than that of other children. Finally, the educational implications of the study on social exclusion of children are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.1

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