3～5岁儿童助人与分享行为的发展特点及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 12:39

本文选题：儿童　切入点：亲社会行为　出处：《中国全科医学》2017年19期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的探讨3~5岁儿童助人与分享行为的发展特点及影响因素,为两类不同亲社会行为间存在的差异提供解释。方法于2013年5—7月,选取北京市某一私立教育集团2所幼儿园3~5岁儿童108例进行助人和分享试验,对其父母进行问卷调查,对其中参加试验并且父母问卷有效的被试94例进行研究。其中助人试验为捡东西任务,分享试验为独裁者任务;调查问卷包括《幼儿气质问卷》和《教养方式问卷》,分别采用儿童行为问卷简版(CBQ)、父母教养方式和维度问卷(PSDQ)进行测量。结果儿童助人与分享行为得分的平均值分别为2.5、1.2分;外向性、消极情绪、努力控制得分的平均值分别为4.6、4.2、5.0分;母亲权威型教养方式、母亲专制型教养方式、父亲权威型教养方式、父亲专制型教养方式得分的平均值分别为3.9、2.0、3.7、1.8分。儿童助人与分享行为得分无直线相关性(r=-0.08,P=0.64)。分层回归分析结果显示,在第一、二、三层回归分析中,月龄均能正向预测儿童助人行为得分(β值分别为0.46、0.45、0.43,P0.05);在第三层回归分析中,父亲专制型教养方式得分能正向预测儿童助人行为得分(β=0.26,P0.05),母亲专制型教养方式得分能正向预测儿童分享行为得分(β=0.25,P0.05)。结论助人和分享这两种亲社会行为在儿童早期有不同的发展特点,并且分别只受到父亲或母亲专制教养方式的影响,提示这两种亲社会行为有着相对独立的发展过程。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the developmental characteristics and influencing factors of helping and sharing behaviors in children aged 3 to 5 years old, and to explain the differences between the two kinds of prosocial behaviors. Methods from May to July, 2013. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 108 children aged 3 to 5 years old from 2 kindergartens in a private education group in Beijing. A total of 94 subjects who participated in the experiment and whose parents' questionnaire was effective were studied. Among them, the help test was the task of picking things up, and the sharing experiment was the task of the dictator. The questionnaires included temperament questionnaire and rearing style questionnaire. CBQs, PSDQs and PSDQs were used respectively. Results the average scores of children's helping and sharing behaviors were 2.5 卤1.2 respectively. The average scores of extroversion, negative emotion and effort control were 4.6 卤4.25.0, respectively; the mother's authoritative upbringing style, the mother's autocratic upbringing style, the father's authoritative upbringing style, The average score of the father's autocratic rearing style was 3.9 / 2.0 / 3.71.8, respectively. There was no linear correlation between the score of children's helping others and the score of sharing behavior. The results of stratified regression analysis showed that in the first, second and third levels of regression analysis, there was no linear correlation between the scores of children and the score of shared behavior. The scores of children's helping behavior were positively predicted by the age of month (尾 = 0.46 / 0.45), respectively (P < 0.05); in the third level regression analysis, the score of children's helping behavior was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The scores of father's autocratic upbringing style can positively predict children's helping behavior (尾 0.26) and mother's autocratic rearing style can positively predict children's sharing behavior (尾 0.25p 0.05). Conclusion there are two kinds of pro-social behaviors in early childhood: helping others and sharing these two kinds of pro-social behaviors. Have different development characteristics, And only influenced by the autocracy of father or mother, suggesting that these two kinds of prosocial behavior have a relatively independent development process.
【作者单位】：中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室;中国科学院大学;北京师范大学脑与认知科学研究院认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室;奥尔堡大学学习与哲学系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31000469)
【分类号】：B844.1

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