程今吾教育思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 10:47

本文选题：程今吾 + 实践教育法　；参考：《安徽师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：程今吾(1908—1970),安徽嘉山人,中国近现代教育家。原名程蕴璋,曾用名程洁声、程今吾、沈文星、程万里、程宁远、宁越,1949年后一直用名程今吾。1929年考入南京晓庄师范学校,1933年到广东参加百侯中学复办工作,1939年回广西任“生活教育社”地下党支部书记,1948年任中宣部研究员,教育组组长,1965年任北京师范大学党委书记兼副校长。关于教育本质、教育方法、论课程、论教师、儿童教育、青年修养等几方面程今吾都有所研究并提出了自己独特的见解。他认为教育本质上是为了达到一定的经济目的社会目的而进行文化传递与创造的手段。他提出了实践教育法,主张教师在教育实践中起主导作用,学生在学习实践中发挥主体作用,教与学的双方都建立在实践基础上。他认为新的课程是理论与实践相统一的实践课程。他认为教师必须具备一定的条件才能担负起教师的责任,教师要时刻加强自身修养,要明确教育在社会中的地位和自身在教育中的地位,要热爱教育对象并忠诚地服务于教育事业,要具有广博的知识,注重专业素养的提升。程今吾指出以往师资培养存在一些不足,师范学校数量少、学生报考动机不纯、学校教学与实践相脱节等。因此,他主张建立新型师范学校,以师范学校为中心,同时举办众多民众夜校、妇女识字班等。此外,他指出一名合格教师要保持学习,不断进修,并就教师进修中出现的学习与工作配合、进修时间、书报供应、学习风气等问题提出了自己的见解。程今吾关注儿童的发展和教育,认为儿童教育的内容主要包括生产劳动教育、思想教育和纪律教育三方面。在儿童教育的原则上,他认为只有真正的了解孩子才能更好的教育孩子,同时反对惩罚和侮辱孩子,提倡给孩子以奖励。在儿童教育方法上,他提倡去除旧的教育方法,求实创新,带领孩子们走出校门,走向社会,同时强调家庭教育的重要性,要将家庭教育和学校教育两者结合起来。程今吾认为青年要注重修养,首先要有明确的立场、并以合理地方式对待敌人和同志,在此基础上加强自我的不断完善。程今吾的教育思想具有丰富的实践性、时代性和爱国性,对当时的教育事业发展产生了重要影响。虽然其教育思想具有一定的局限性,但他注重理论与实践的结合、强调自主学习与互助学习的态度以及坚持读书学习的工作理念对当下仍有一定的启示。
[Abstract]:Cheng Jinwu, a native of Jiashan, Anhui Province, 1908-1970, is a modern educator in China.Cheng Yunzhang, formerly known as Cheng Jiesheng, Cheng Jinwu, Shen Wenxing, Cheng Wanli, Cheng Ningyuan,Ning Yue, after 1949, was admitted to Nanjing Xiaozhuang normal School in 1929, went to Guangdong in 1933 to take part in the resumption of work in Baihou Middle School, returned to Guangxi in 1939 to serve as secretary of the underground party branch of the "Life Education Society", and in 1948 as a researcher in the propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.Head of Education Section, Secretary of Party Committee and Vice President of Beijing normal University in 1965.Cheng has studied the essence of education, educational methods, curriculum, teachers, children's education, youth cultivation and so on, and has put forward his own unique views.He believes that education is essentially a means of cultural transmission and creation for certain economic purposes and social purposes.He put forward the practical education law, which advocates that teachers play a leading role in educational practice, students play a main role in learning practice, and both teaching and learning are based on practice.He believes that the new curriculum is a practical course that combines theory with practice.In his opinion, teachers must have certain conditions to shoulder their responsibilities. Teachers should always strengthen their self-cultivation and make clear the status of education in society and their own position in education.We should love the object of education and serve the cause faithfully. We should have extensive knowledge and pay attention to the promotion of professional accomplishment.Cheng pointed out that there were some shortcomings in teacher training in the past, such as the small number of normal schools, the impure motivation of students applying for examinations, the disconnection between school teaching and practice, and so on.Therefore, he advocated the establishment of new normal schools, with normal schools as the center, at the same time organized a large number of night classes, women literacy classes.In addition, he pointed out that a qualified teacher should keep learning and continue to study, and put forward his own views on the problems of learning and working coordination, study time, supply of books and newspapers, study atmosphere and so on.Cheng pays close attention to the development and education of children, and thinks that the contents of children's education mainly include three aspects: productive labor education, ideological education and discipline education.In the principle of children's education, he believes that children can be better educated only if they really understand them, while opposing punishment and insulting children, advocating rewards for children.On the method of children's education, he advocated the elimination of old educational methods, practical innovation, leading children out of school to the society, emphasizing the importance of family education, and combining family education with school education.Cheng believes that young people should pay attention to self-cultivation, first of all, must have a clear stand, and treat the enemy and comrades in a reasonable manner, and on this basis to strengthen the continuous improvement of their own.Cheng's educational thought was rich in practicality, epoch and patriotism, which had an important influence on the development of education at that time.Although his educational thought has some limitations, he pays attention to the combination of theory and practice, emphasizes the attitude of independent learning and mutual help learning, and insists on the working idea of reading and learning.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G40-092

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