大学生观点采择对艾滋群体偏见影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 13:29

本文选题：观点采择 + 艾滋群体偏见　；参考：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1981年被发现伊始,艾滋病就成为遭受偏见最为严重的疾病。在各个国家,社会对艾滋群体的偏见都被公认为是艾滋病防治工作的主要障碍。作为即将步入社会的性活跃人群和未来社会建设的中坚力量,大学生对艾滋人群的态度直接影响到之后很长一段时间内艾滋病防治工作的开展。艾滋群体偏见作为一种态度,具有外显和内隐两种形式,其中,外显偏见是个体能够觉察到的,而内隐偏见是无意识的、自动激活的。传统偏见干预策略,如教育、意识性抑制等手段,经证明,都没能取得良好的干预效果。近年来,观点采择作为一种新型的干预手段,被大量运用到偏见干预的研究中来,并取得了良好的效果。如果把观点采择用于对艾滋群体偏见的干预,是否也会达到理想效果呢?若观点采择能有效降低大学生对艾滋群体的偏见水平,其背后又是何种心理机制起作用呢?带着这些疑问,进行了如下研究。本研究的主要目的是考察观点采择对艾滋偏见的影响效果及其作用机制。目前,关于观点采择影响偏见的作用机制的理论主要有两种:共情—利他假设和自我—他人融合假设。研究一主要探讨了观点采择对大学生的外显艾滋偏见的干预效果。结果显示,观点采择可以有效降低被试对艾滋群体的外显偏见。对前测中被试在各维度的得分进行分析,发现被试在社会距离维度对艾滋群体的偏见最高,强制性处理意见维度的偏见次之,道德判断与责备维度的偏见水平最低。实验干预后,将观点采择组的各维度得分进行前后测比较,发现各维度的得分都显著降低。研究二主要探讨了观点采择对大学生的内隐艾滋偏见的干预效果。结果显示,观点采择不能有效降低内隐艾滋偏见。但通过对前测的D值,以及不相容任务和相容任务的反应时之差的分析证明,在内隐层面,大学生对艾滋群体确实存在显著的偏见。研究一验证了观点采择对大学生的外显艾滋偏见的干预效果,研究三主要探讨的是其背后的作用机制。结果表明,共情反应在观点采择降低外显艾滋偏见的过程中起了中介作用,验证了共情—利他假设,而外显自尊却没有起到调节作用,没能验证自我—他人融合假设。综上,主要研究结论如下:观点采择能够有效降低大学生被试对艾滋群体的外显偏见。在这一过程中,共情反应起到了中介作用,但外显自尊没起到调节作用;大学生被试对艾滋群体有显著的内隐偏见;观点采择不能有效降低大学生被试对艾滋群体的内隐偏见。
[Abstract]:AIDS has been the most prejudiced disease since its discovery in 1981. In each country, the social prejudice against the AIDS community is recognized as the main obstacle to AIDS prevention and treatment. The attitude of college students towards AIDS directly affects the development of AIDS prevention and treatment in a long period of time as the sexually active people who are about to enter the society and the backbone of social construction in the future. As an attitude, HIV / AIDS group bias has two forms: explicit and implicit, in which explicit bias is perceived by individuals, while implicit bias is unconscious and automatically activated. Traditional bias intervention strategies, such as education, conscious inhibition, have not been able to achieve good results. In recent years, as a new intervention method, viewpoint selection has been widely used in the research of bias intervention, and has achieved good results. Would it be desirable to use opinion selection to interfere with HIV / AIDS community bias? If the point of view can effectively reduce the level of prejudice against AIDS groups of college students, what psychological mechanism is behind it? With these questions in mind, the following studies have been carried out. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of viewpoint selection on AIDS bias and its mechanism. At present, there are two kinds of theories about the mechanism of influence of prejudice: empathy-altruism hypothesis and self-others fusion hypothesis. The first study mainly discusses the intervention effect of viewpoint selection on the explicit AIDS bias of college students. The results show that viewpoint selection can effectively reduce the subjects' explicit bias towards AIDS population. By analyzing the scores of each dimension in the pre-test, we found that the social distance dimension had the highest prejudice against AIDS group, the second was the mandatory processing opinion dimension, and the bias level of moral judgment and blame dimension was the lowest. After the experimental intervention, the scores of each dimension in the viewpoint selection group were compared before and after the test, and it was found that the scores of each dimension were significantly decreased. The second study mainly discusses the intervention effect of viewpoint selection on implicit AIDS bias of college students. The results show that opinion selection is not effective in reducing implicit AIDS bias. But through the analysis of the D value of pre-test and the difference of reaction time between incompatible task and compatible task, it is proved that college students do have significant prejudice to AIDS group on the implicit level. The first study verifies the intervention effect of viewpoint selection on college students' explicit AIDS bias. The results showed that empathy played an intermediary role in the process of taking opinions to reduce the explicit AIDS bias, and verified the empathy altruistic hypothesis, but the explicit self-esteem did not play a regulating role, and failed to verify the ego-others fusion hypothesis. In summary, the main conclusions are as follows: viewpoint selection can effectively reduce the explicit prejudice of college students to HIV. In this process, empathy played an intermediary role, but explicit self-esteem did not play a regulatory role; college students had significant implicit prejudice against AIDS groups; point of view selection could not effectively reduce the implicit prejudice of college students to AIDS groups.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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