清末教育“新政”面临的困境及原因分析——以《教育官报》为中心的考察

发布时间：2018-05-25 04:25

本文选题：清末 + 教育新政　；参考：《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：1901年,清政府为了摆脱日益严重的社会危机,挽救日益衰落的统治,开始实行"新政",教育"新政"作为其中的重要部分,至光宣之际进入高潮,不仅废除了科举制度,而且兴办了大量的新式学堂,围绕教育进行了一系列行之有效的改革。但透过这一时期各省的《教育官报》,可以发现在这场轰轰烈烈的教育改革背后,存在着经费投入不足,政府管理缺失;乡民抵制新学,官员敷衍塞责;新式师资缺乏,学堂生源不足;教育内容滞后,学堂环境恶劣等诸多方面的困境。导致清末教育"新政"陷入困境的原因:一是教育宗旨错位,办学者观念僵化;二是办学责任不明,素养参差不齐;三是民众对新教育认同度低,因废科举产生的文化归属感缺失;四是地方乡绅、"恶棍"把持学款,导致教育经费严重匮乏。尽管清末教育"新政"相对清末其他方面的改革最有成效,但也昭示中国教育近代化的进程中,教育改革并非一帆风顺。
[Abstract]:In 1901, in order to get rid of the increasingly serious social crisis and save the declining rule, the Qing government began to implement the "New deal", and the education of the "New deal" as an important part of it, reached a climax at the time of light and propaganda, and not only abolished the imperial examination system. Moreover, a large number of new schools have been set up, and a series of effective reforms have been carried out around education. However, through the "Education officials' newspaper" published in various provinces during this period, we can find that behind this vigorous educational reform, there are insufficient funds and lack of government management; villagers boycott new schools, officials perfunctory, and new types of teachers are lacking. The shortage of students, the lagged educational content, the poor school environment and so on. The reasons that led to the "New deal" of education in the late Qing Dynasty were as follows: first, the misalignment of the educational purpose, the inflexibility of the concept of running a school, the second, the unclear responsibility for running a school, the uneven quality, and the third, the low degree of people's recognition of the new education. Fourth, the local squire and villain control the school funds, resulting in a serious lack of education funds. Although the "New deal" of education in the late Qing Dynasty was the most effective compared with other aspects of the late Qing Dynasty, it also showed that in the process of the modernization of education in China, the educational reform was not smooth sailing.
【作者单位】：湖北大学历史文化学院;湖北日报特别书局;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学基金规划项目“晚清《教育官报》与中国教育近代化研究”(12YA880038)
【分类号】：G529

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