生育价值观问卷的编制及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 14:02

【摘要】：目前我国人口出现的低生育率水平、性别比例失衡、人口老龄化、流动人口增多等问题,究其原因可能都与新时期人们生育观念的变化有关,国家对此也采取了一定的政策措施,其中包括“全面二孩政策”。根据相关理论的概念,生育价值观是指人们对生育孩子价值的看法和评价,其中包含了满足父母需求、孩子带来的效益及花费的成本。个体的生育意愿、生育动机等都会受生育价值观的影响,并在其影响下有意识的选择自身的生育行为。本研究梳理生育价值观的既往理论,形成生育价值观的定义及主要维度,结合开放式问卷调查,构建了生育价值观的理论构想,并编制了生育价值观正负价值问卷。通过对预测问卷进行因素分析及信度检验,本研究最终编制出生育价值观正负价值正式问卷。之后,运用多种信、效度检验方法对正式问卷的信、效度进行检验,同时使用该问卷对重庆、宜昌、襄樊两地城郊农民被试的生育养育特点进行调查。本研究结论如下:(1)生育价值观问卷包含正、负价值两分问卷。生育价值观正价值问卷包括情绪价值、家族延续价值、经济价值三个维度;负价值问卷包括对生活改变的担忧、经济负担、情绪压力三个维度。(2)本研究结果表明生育价值观正、负价值问卷具有良好的信度、内容效度和结构效度。(3)生育价值观正负价值问卷部分维度在性别、年龄阶段、子女独生与非独生上差异显著。其中在负价值上,男性得分显著低于女性,表明相对于女性被试,男性被试对于生育所带来的负面价值认同更低。同时,结果发现6070后更看重“家族延续”价值,而8090后则更看重“情感价值”和“对生活改变的担忧”。(4)中西部城郊农民生育负价值中“经济负担”与再生育意愿呈显著负相关,表明经济负担是制约中西部城郊农民再生育意愿的重要因素。同时,生育正价值中越看重孩子“情感价值”的父母越不看重孩子的性别,而越看重孩子“家族延续价值”的父母男孩偏好倾向越强烈。(5)在父母教养方式上,越重视孩子“情感价值”的家长更倾向于采用民主型的教养方式,更不倾向于采用放任型的教养方式。而更重视孩子的“家族延续价值”和“经济价值”的家长更倾向于溺爱和放任的教养方式,更不倾向于采用民主型的教养方式。
[Abstract]:At present, the low fertility rate, the imbalance of the sex ratio, the aging population and the increase of the floating population in China's population may all be related to the changes in people's conception of fertility in the new era. The state has also taken certain policy measures, including the "comprehensive two-child policy." According to the concept of related theory, the concept of reproductive value refers to people's view and evaluation of the value of having children, which includes meeting the needs of parents, the benefits of children and the cost of expenses. Individuals' fertility intention and motivation are influenced by fertility values and consciously choose their own fertility behavior. This study combs the previous theory of reproductive values, forms the definition and main dimensions of reproductive values, constructs the theoretical conception of reproductive values and compiles the questionnaire of positive and negative values of reproductive values combined with the open questionnaire. Through factor analysis and reliability test, the formal questionnaire of positive and negative values of fertility values was developed. After that, the letter and validity of the formal questionnaire were tested by using a variety of letter and validity test methods, and the characteristics of fertility and rearing of rural farmers in Chongqing, Yichang and Xiangfan were investigated by using the questionnaire. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Fertility values questionnaire includes positive and negative value questionnaires. The positive value questionnaire of fertility values includes three dimensions: emotional value, family continuation value and economic value; negative value questionnaire includes three dimensions: worry about life change, financial burden and emotional stress. (2) the results of this study show that reproductive values are positive. The negative value questionnaire has good reliability, content validity and structural validity. (3) part of the positive and negative value questionnaire of fertility values has significant differences in sex, age stage, only child and non-only child. In the negative value, the male score was significantly lower than that of the female, which indicated that the male subjects had lower negative value identity than the female subjects. At the same time, it was found that the value of "family continuity" was more valued after 6070, However, the post-80s paid more attention to "emotional value" and "worry about life change". (4) the "economic burden" in the negative value of farmers' fertility in the suburbs of central and western China was negatively correlated with their desire to reproduce again. It shows that the economic burden is an important factor that restricts the farmers' willingness to reproduce again in the suburbs of the central and western regions. At the same time, parents who value their children's "emotional values" in positive fertility values are less concerned about their children's gender, while parents and boys who value their children's "family continuity" values have a stronger preference. (5) in terms of parental rearing style, Parents who pay more attention to their children's emotional value tend to adopt democratic rearing style and laissez-faire rearing style. Parents who pay more attention to their children's "family continuation value" and "economic value" are more inclined to doting and indulgence, and less inclined to adopt democratic rearing style.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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