道德认同、共情与受助者责任类型对利他行为的影响研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 20:48
【摘要】：利他行为是以助人为主要目的且不求外在回报的行为,是当今社会所倡导的优秀品质。利他行为表现为为陌生人提供帮助,为慈善组织捐款等行为,受到利他者、受助者以及情境特征等因素的影响。例如“扶不起的中国”产生原因不仅仅是因为潜在施助者利他意识的浅薄,潜在受助者可能存在的危险性也是“扶不起、不敢扶”的重要原因。在当今建设中国特色社会主义精神文明的过程中,探索利他行为的影响因素以及促进机制,对于学术研究和社会文明进步都有一定的积极意义。本研究旨在针对目前国内外对于利他者、受助者交互作用的研究较少的弊端,从利他者的道德认同水平和共情水平,受助者的责任类型角度出发,在国内背景下,研究道德认同、共情与受助者责任类型对利他行为的影响,着重探讨受助者责任类型与利他者特征的交互作用对利他行为的影响。本研究随机选取某大学大一各专业学生为被试,分别以模拟真实情景下慈善捐款行为中的捐款意愿和捐款金额为衡量利他行为的指标,进行了三项实证研究。研究一采用问卷测验法调查了目前大学生的慈善捐款行为,并初步探讨了大学生道德认同、共情与受助者责任类型对慈善捐款行为的影响作用。研究二采用道德认同启动范式,通过操纵被试的道德认同水平,探究大学生道德认同、共情与受助者责任类型对慈善捐款行为的影响。研究三采用共情启动范式,通过操纵被试的共情水平,再次探讨三者对慈善捐款行为的影响。研究结果发现:(1)大学生普遍具有慈善捐款意识。三个研究中,不论受助者责任类型如何,被试的拟捐款率总体达到了74%以上。(2)研究一发现道德认同、共情与受助者责任类型均会影响被试的慈善捐助行为。共情、受助者责任类型会显著地影响慈善捐款意愿,应为自己困境负较少责任的受助者共情水平越高,捐款意愿越大,人们对(简称非自我致困型受助者)的捐款意愿高,对应为自己困境负较高责任的受助者(简称自我致困型受助者)的捐款意愿低,以捐款意愿为衡量指标时未发现显著交互作用。(3)道德认同、共情对慈善拟捐款金额的影响要受到受助者责任类型的调节作用。表现为对于自我致困型受助者,道德认同、共情对拟捐款金额没有影响;对于非自我致困型受助者,道德认同、共情对拟捐款金额具有显著地促进作用。(4)研究二发现道德认同在特定的情境下可以成功地被激活,激活后的道德认同会影响被试的拟捐款金额,且要受到受助者责任类型的调节。对于自我致困型受助者,道德认同启动不起作用;对于非自我致困型受助者,道德认同启动可以显著增加拟捐款金额。(5)研究三发现共情在特定的情境下可以成功地被激活,激活后的共情会影响被试的慈善捐助意愿和拟捐款金额,共情对捐款意愿的促进作用要受到受助者责任类型的调节,共情对于自我致困型和非自我致困型受助者的慈善捐助行为均有一定促进作用,只是共情对于非自我致困型受助者的拟捐款金额促进作用显著。
[Abstract]:Altruistic behavior is an act that aims at helping people and does not seek external returns. It is an excellent quality advocated by today's society. Altruism acts as a help for strangers, donations for charitable organizations and other factors such as the altruism, the recipient and the situation characteristics. For example, the cause of the "unable to help China" is not only the cause of the cause. Only because the potential benefactor's altruistic consciousness is shallow, the potential danger that the potential recipients may exist is also the important reason for "unable to help and not help". In the process of building the socialist spiritual civilization with Chinese characteristics today, exploring the influencing factors of altruistic behavior and promoting the mechanism, for academic research and social civilization progress all have one. The purpose of this study is to study the influence of the moral identity, empathy and the type of responsibility of the recipient on altruism in the context of the moral identity and empathy of the altruism, the level of empathy and the type of responsibility of the recipients, aiming at the less research on the interaction of the altruism and the beneficiaries at home and abroad. The influence of the interaction of the type of the recipient and the character of the altruism on the altruistic behavior is discussed. This study randomly selected the major students of a university as the subjects, and carried out three empirical studies. Using the method of questionnaire to investigate the charity donation behavior of college students, and preliminarily discuss the influence of College Students' moral identity, empathy and the type of responsibility of the recipients on the charity donation behavior. Study two uses the moral identity starting paradigm, through the manipulation of the moral identity level of the subjects, to explore the moral identity of college students, empathy and assistance. The effect of the type of person's responsibility on charitable donation behavior. Study three uses empathy paradigm, through the manipulation of the level of empathy, again to explore the influence of the three on charitable donations. The results show that: (1) college students generally have the consciousness of charitable donations. In the three studies, regardless of the type of recipients' responsibility, the total rate of donation of the subjects is total. The body reached more than 74%. (2) the study found that moral identity, empathy and recipients' type of responsibility all affect the charity donation behavior of the subjects. Empathy, the type of recipient's responsibility will significantly affect the willingness of charitable donations, the higher the level of empathy, the greater the willingness of the recipients who have less responsibility for their own plight, the greater the willingness of the people to contribute. The desire for donation is high, and the willingness of the recipients who have higher responsibility for their own predicament is low, and there is no significant interaction with the willingness to contribute. (3) moral identity, the influence of empathy on the contributions of charitable donations should be regulated by the type of responsibility of the recipients. As for the self stranded recipients, moral identity and empathy have no effect on the amount of donated money. For the non self stranded recipients, moral identity and empathy have a significant effect on the amount of money to be donated. (4) study two found that moral identity can be successfully activated in a specific situation, and the moral identity after the activation will affect the being. The intended donation amount should be adjusted by the type of recipient's responsibility. For the self stranded recipients, the moral identity does not play a role. For the non self trapped recipients, the start of moral identity can significantly increase the amount of donations. (5) study three found that empathy could be successfully activated and activated in the context of the special situation. The affection will affect the willingness of the volunteers to contribute to the donation and the amount of the donation. The promotion of the empathy to the willingness of the donation should be regulated by the type of responsibility of the recipients, and the empathy has a certain role in promoting the charitable donation behavior of the self stranded and non self stranded recipients, but the empathy is a contribution to the non self stranded recipients. The effect of forehead promotion is remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2
[Abstract]:Altruistic behavior is an act that aims at helping people and does not seek external returns. It is an excellent quality advocated by today's society. Altruism acts as a help for strangers, donations for charitable organizations and other factors such as the altruism, the recipient and the situation characteristics. For example, the cause of the "unable to help China" is not only the cause of the cause. Only because the potential benefactor's altruistic consciousness is shallow, the potential danger that the potential recipients may exist is also the important reason for "unable to help and not help". In the process of building the socialist spiritual civilization with Chinese characteristics today, exploring the influencing factors of altruistic behavior and promoting the mechanism, for academic research and social civilization progress all have one. The purpose of this study is to study the influence of the moral identity, empathy and the type of responsibility of the recipient on altruism in the context of the moral identity and empathy of the altruism, the level of empathy and the type of responsibility of the recipients, aiming at the less research on the interaction of the altruism and the beneficiaries at home and abroad. The influence of the interaction of the type of the recipient and the character of the altruism on the altruistic behavior is discussed. This study randomly selected the major students of a university as the subjects, and carried out three empirical studies. Using the method of questionnaire to investigate the charity donation behavior of college students, and preliminarily discuss the influence of College Students' moral identity, empathy and the type of responsibility of the recipients on the charity donation behavior. Study two uses the moral identity starting paradigm, through the manipulation of the moral identity level of the subjects, to explore the moral identity of college students, empathy and assistance. The effect of the type of person's responsibility on charitable donation behavior. Study three uses empathy paradigm, through the manipulation of the level of empathy, again to explore the influence of the three on charitable donations. The results show that: (1) college students generally have the consciousness of charitable donations. In the three studies, regardless of the type of recipients' responsibility, the total rate of donation of the subjects is total. The body reached more than 74%. (2) the study found that moral identity, empathy and recipients' type of responsibility all affect the charity donation behavior of the subjects. Empathy, the type of recipient's responsibility will significantly affect the willingness of charitable donations, the higher the level of empathy, the greater the willingness of the recipients who have less responsibility for their own plight, the greater the willingness of the people to contribute. The desire for donation is high, and the willingness of the recipients who have higher responsibility for their own predicament is low, and there is no significant interaction with the willingness to contribute. (3) moral identity, the influence of empathy on the contributions of charitable donations should be regulated by the type of responsibility of the recipients. As for the self stranded recipients, moral identity and empathy have no effect on the amount of donated money. For the non self stranded recipients, moral identity and empathy have a significant effect on the amount of money to be donated. (4) study two found that moral identity can be successfully activated in a specific situation, and the moral identity after the activation will affect the being. The intended donation amount should be adjusted by the type of recipient's responsibility. For the self stranded recipients, the moral identity does not play a role. For the non self trapped recipients, the start of moral identity can significantly increase the amount of donations. (5) study three found that empathy could be successfully activated and activated in the context of the special situation. The affection will affect the willingness of the volunteers to contribute to the donation and the amount of the donation. The promotion of the empathy to the willingness of the donation should be regulated by the type of responsibility of the recipients, and the empathy has a certain role in promoting the charitable donation behavior of the self stranded and non self stranded recipients, but the empathy is a contribution to the non self stranded recipients. The effect of forehead promotion is remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2
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相关期刊论文 前10条
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