归因风格和框架效应对大学生风险偏好的影响
发布时间：2018-08-03 13:54
【摘要】：近年来,心理学家们针对风险决策的相关内容进行了大量的研究,而这也一直是心理学领域的研究焦点之一。框架效应的提出,丰富了风险决策研究领域的理论和内容,框架效应和风险决策的关系研究更是成为决策领域的研究重点。框架效应指的是因为改变了问题或任务情境的表述方式,导致决策者在进行决策行为时因之出现了不同的选择偏好。研究者们一般将框架效应分为内部和外部两种效应,即决策任务本身的特征和决策者的个体特征。归因作为个体的一种特殊的认知活动,既是个体人格差异的表现形式之一,同时也会影响到个体的信息加工方式和行为动机,从而对个体的决策行为产生影响。因此,本文进一步在前人研究的基础上引入归因风格这个因素作为其中一个自变量,同时探讨归因风格和框架这两个因素是否会对大学生的风险决策偏好产生影响,以及产生了怎样的影响。本研究主要使用的是实验法以及测验法这两种研究方法对此问题进行分析,采用2(积极归因风格,消极归因风格)×2(正框架,负框架)的双因素实验设计进行研究。实验中的自变量有两个,即归因风格和框架。因变量是个体在对风险决策材料进行回答时,通过对两个方案的赞成程度而计算得到的风险决策总分。个体的风险决策总分越高,表示该个体越倾向于冒险,更有可能做出偏冒险的决策;总分越低,该个体越倾向于保守,更有可能做出偏保守的决策。研究结果发现:(1)归因风格对风险偏好的主效应显著,框架效应对风险偏好的主效应也显著,但是二者的交互作用却并不具有显著性;(2)框架对大学生风险偏好的主效应显著。正框架下的个体在风险决策时更倾向于风险规避,负框架下的个体在风险决策时更倾向于风险寻求,负框架下的个体比正框架下的个体更倾向于做出冒险的决策;(3)归因风格对大学生风险偏好的主效应显著。积极归因风格的个体在风险决策时更倾向于风险寻求,消极归因风格的个体在风险决策时更倾向于风险规避,积极归因风格的个体比消极归因风格的个体更倾向于做出冒险的决策;(4)大学生群体在进行风险决策时总体上偏向于风险寻求。总而言之,本文主要探讨了归因风格和框架对风险偏好的影响,对人们做出相对让自己满意的决策提供了参考。未来的研究应进一步扩大被试的研究范围,针对任务情境的不同加以区别分析,并将研究置于现实的自然的决策情境中,以增强实验的生态效度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, psychologists have done a lot of research on risk decision making, which has always been one of the focuses in the field of psychology. The introduction of frame effect enriches the theory and content of risk decision making, and the research on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision has become the focus of decision making. Frame effect refers to the different preference of decision makers when they make decisions because of changing the expression of problem or task situation. Researchers generally divide frame effects into internal and external effects, that is, the characteristics of the decision task itself and the individual characteristics of the decision maker. Attribution, as a special cognitive activity of individuals, is not only one of the manifestations of individual personality differences, but also affects individual information processing and behavior motivation, thus affecting individual decision-making behavior. Therefore, this paper further introduces attribution style as one of the independent variables on the basis of previous studies. At the same time, this paper discusses whether the attribution style and the frame will have an impact on the risk decision preference of college students. And what the impact is. This study mainly uses the experimental method and the test method to analyze this problem, and adopts the two-factor experimental design of 2 (positive attribution style, negative attribution style) 脳 2 (positive frame, negative frame). There are two independent variables in the experiment, namely attribution style and frame. The dependent variable is the total score of the risk decision which is calculated by the degree of approval of the two schemes when the individual answers to the risk decision materials. The higher the total score of the individual's risk decision, the more likely the individual is to take risks, and the lower the total score, the more conservative the individual is, and the more likely he is to make the conservative decision. The results show that: (1) the main effects of attributional style on risk preference are significant, and the main effect of frame effect on risk preference is significant, but the interaction between them is not significant; (2) the main effect of frame on risk preference of college students is significant. Individuals in the positive frame are more inclined to risk aversion in the risk decision-making, while the individuals in the negative frame are more inclined to seek the risk in the risk decision-making. Individuals in negative frame are more likely to make risky decisions than those in positive frame. (3) Attribution style has significant effect on college students' risk preference. Individuals with positive attribution style are more inclined to seek risk in risk decision-making, while individuals with negative attribution style are more inclined to avoid risk when making risk decisions. Individuals with positive attribution style are more likely to make risky decisions than those with negative attribution styles; (4) college students generally tend to seek risk when making risk decisions. In a word, this paper mainly discusses the impact of attribution style and framework on risk preference, and provides a reference for people to make relatively satisfactory decisions. In order to enhance the ecological validity of the experiment, the future research should further expand the scope of the subjects' research, distinguish and analyze the different task situations, and put the research in the realistic natural decision making situation in order to enhance the ecological validity of the experiment.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2
本文编号：2161949
[Abstract]:In recent years, psychologists have done a lot of research on risk decision making, which has always been one of the focuses in the field of psychology. The introduction of frame effect enriches the theory and content of risk decision making, and the research on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision has become the focus of decision making. Frame effect refers to the different preference of decision makers when they make decisions because of changing the expression of problem or task situation. Researchers generally divide frame effects into internal and external effects, that is, the characteristics of the decision task itself and the individual characteristics of the decision maker. Attribution, as a special cognitive activity of individuals, is not only one of the manifestations of individual personality differences, but also affects individual information processing and behavior motivation, thus affecting individual decision-making behavior. Therefore, this paper further introduces attribution style as one of the independent variables on the basis of previous studies. At the same time, this paper discusses whether the attribution style and the frame will have an impact on the risk decision preference of college students. And what the impact is. This study mainly uses the experimental method and the test method to analyze this problem, and adopts the two-factor experimental design of 2 (positive attribution style, negative attribution style) 脳 2 (positive frame, negative frame). There are two independent variables in the experiment, namely attribution style and frame. The dependent variable is the total score of the risk decision which is calculated by the degree of approval of the two schemes when the individual answers to the risk decision materials. The higher the total score of the individual's risk decision, the more likely the individual is to take risks, and the lower the total score, the more conservative the individual is, and the more likely he is to make the conservative decision. The results show that: (1) the main effects of attributional style on risk preference are significant, and the main effect of frame effect on risk preference is significant, but the interaction between them is not significant; (2) the main effect of frame on risk preference of college students is significant. Individuals in the positive frame are more inclined to risk aversion in the risk decision-making, while the individuals in the negative frame are more inclined to seek the risk in the risk decision-making. Individuals in negative frame are more likely to make risky decisions than those in positive frame. (3) Attribution style has significant effect on college students' risk preference. Individuals with positive attribution style are more inclined to seek risk in risk decision-making, while individuals with negative attribution style are more inclined to avoid risk when making risk decisions. Individuals with positive attribution style are more likely to make risky decisions than those with negative attribution styles; (4) college students generally tend to seek risk when making risk decisions. In a word, this paper mainly discusses the impact of attribution style and framework on risk preference, and provides a reference for people to make relatively satisfactory decisions. In order to enhance the ecological validity of the experiment, the future research should further expand the scope of the subjects' research, distinguish and analyze the different task situations, and put the research in the realistic natural decision making situation in order to enhance the ecological validity of the experiment.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2
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