社会主义和谐社会建设中的教育公平问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 08:03

【摘要】：社会主义和谐社会是公平正义的社会,教育公平即教育领域中的公平正义,是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。只有突出强调公平正义,社会各要素才能协调运行,社会才会更加和谐稳定。因此,社会主义和谐社会与教育公平相辅相成、密不可分。若实现教育公平,则有利于促进人们树立正确的价值观,激发人们的社会创新意识以及切实提高人们的获得感,促进社会主义和谐社会向更高水平迈进。毋庸置疑,我国全面深化改革以来在教育公平方面取得了显著进展,主要表现在:首先,贫困地区人口素质显著提高,文盲率明显下降。其次,弱势群体受教育权益得到保障,农村留守儿童、贫困学生等入学机会增加,受教育权益得到了一定程度的保障。最后,农村教育条件逐步得到完善,尤其在学前教育阶段教学环境明显改善。但同时,我们也应该看到,我国在教育公平方面仍存在诸多问题,本文仅从我国宏观层面分析,其主要表现为教育资源配置不合理,城乡间教学设施条件差距较大;地区间师资力量差异很大,发达地区与欠发达地区的教师数量与教师素质差距明显;公办与民办教育发展不均衡,民办学校的办学层次与办学质量明显偏低;群体间教育资源获取能力差异明显,弱势群体获取教育资源的能力偏低。这四个方面问题严重影响了我国教育事业公平健康的发展。笔者认为产生这些问题的主要原因是:第一,市场化带来的负面影响阻碍区域间教育和谐发展;第二,社会群体间教育资源分配不均衡阻碍群体间和谐相处;第三,教育评价缺乏公平性阻碍教育秩序和谐运行;第四,社会办学能力不足阻碍教育多元化和谐发展。针对不同原因,笔者从思想观念、资源配置、弱势群体、教育评价机制、社会办学能力这五个方面分别提出具体的解决对策。第一,树立科学的教育公平观。要以求实的态度去面对教育公平方面存在的诸多问题;要以包容的心态去接纳有利于教育健康发展的新事物;要以创新的理念突破不适应当前教育发展需求的体制机制。第二,优化贫困地区教育资源配置。要切实提高中西部教育自身发展能力;优化乡村教师队伍建设;高效利用农村本土教育资源。第三,缩小群体间受教育水平差距。要不断提升全民教育公平观的认知水平;扩大教育机构的信息公开透明度;大力提高全民职业技能素质。第四,建立以公平为价值核心的教育评价体系。要正确引导教育评价价值观发展方向;扶持教育评价第三方机构;加强对教育评价的监督管理。第五,提高社会办学自主能力。要提高对民办教育扶持政策的落实力度;提升社会办学筹资渠道的规范化水平;完善民办学校民主管理体制。
[Abstract]:The socialist harmonious society is a fair and just society, and the educational fairness is the fair and just in the field of education, which is the inevitable requirement of constructing the socialist harmonious society. Only by emphasizing fairness and justice, can all elements of society run harmoniously and society will be more harmonious and stable. Therefore, socialist harmonious society and education equity complement each other, inseparable. If the education is fair, it will help to promote people to set up correct values, stimulate people's social innovation consciousness, improve people's sense of gain, and promote the socialist harmonious society to a higher level. There is no doubt that China has made remarkable progress in education equity since the overall deepening of the reform. First of all, the quality of the population in poor areas has improved significantly, and the illiteracy rate has decreased significantly. Secondly, the education rights and interests of the disadvantaged groups are guaranteed, the rural left-behind children, poor students and other opportunities increase, and the rights and interests of education are guaranteed to a certain extent. Finally, the conditions of rural education have been gradually improved, especially in the pre-school education environment. But at the same time, we should also see that there are still many problems in education equity in our country. This paper only analyzes from the macro level of our country, which mainly shows that the allocation of educational resources is unreasonable and the gap of teaching facilities between urban and rural areas is large. There are great differences in teacher strength between regions, the difference between the number of teachers and the quality of teachers in developed and underdeveloped areas is obvious, the development of public and private education is not balanced, and the level and quality of running schools in private schools are obviously low. There are obvious differences in the ability of obtaining educational resources among groups, and the ability of the disadvantaged groups to acquire educational resources is low. These four problems have seriously affected the fair and healthy development of education in our country. The author believes that the main reasons for these problems are: first, the negative impact of marketization hinders the harmonious development of interregional education; second, the unequal distribution of educational resources among social groups hinders the harmonious coexistence among groups; third, The lack of fairness in educational evaluation hinders the harmonious operation of educational order; fourth, the lack of social capacity hinders the harmonious development of educational diversity. Aiming at different reasons, the author puts forward concrete countermeasures from five aspects of ideology, resource allocation, vulnerable group, educational evaluation mechanism, and the ability of running a school in society. First, establish a scientific view of educational fairness. We should face many problems in education fairness with realistic attitude; accept new things that are beneficial to the healthy development of education with an inclusive attitude; break through the system and mechanism which can not meet the needs of current education development with innovative ideas. Second, optimize the allocation of educational resources in poor areas. It is necessary to improve the development ability of education in the central and western regions, optimize the construction of rural teachers, and make efficient use of local educational resources in rural areas. Third, narrow the education level gap between groups. We should constantly improve the cognitive level of the concept of fairness in education for all, expand the transparency of information disclosure in educational institutions, and make great efforts to improve the professional skills of the whole people. Fourth, the establishment of equity as the core of the value of education evaluation system. It is necessary to correctly guide the development direction of educational evaluation values, support the third party organizations of educational evaluation, and strengthen the supervision and management of educational evaluation. Fifth, improve the independent ability of society to run schools. It is necessary to improve the implementation of the policy of supporting private education, to improve the standardized level of social funding channels for running schools, and to perfect the democratic management system of private schools.
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G521

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