不同社会距离下初中生对欺负情境的道德判断

发布时间：2018-09-17 19:28

【摘要】：随着我国经济社会的巨大发展,社会分化日益严重,带来一系列社会心理问题,近几年,欺负行为在我国有愈演愈烈之势,尤其是学校欺负现象往往给青少年人及其家庭带来的难以挽回的严重后果,这使得对欺负的干预研究迫在眉睫,而从不同的角度对欺负进行研究有助于寻找更加有效的干预方法。道德判断是个体对行为的是非对错、好坏善恶进行评判的认识活动,其好坏对道德行为具有预测作用。因此从道德判断的角度对欺负行为进行研究,以探讨个体对受欺负者的后续助人行为的影响,是对欺负进行干预的一个新视角。根据解释水平理论(CLT),个体对某一行为的道德判断取决于个体知觉到的心理距离的远近;而在校园中,最常知觉到的是人际关系距离的远近。因此本研究将心理距离的其中一个维度-社会距离这一因素考虑进来,探讨个体知觉到的不同社会距离对初中生在欺负情境中的道德判断产生什么影响。本论文以初中生为研究对象,使用自编的《欺负情境道德判断问卷》,共包含三部分。第一个研究包含两个子研究,分别探讨社会距离的直接启动与线索启动如何影响欺负情境中的道德判断,并且探究了道德判断与道德行为意向的关系;研究二将愤怒与厌恶这两种道德情绪作为自变量考虑进来,以探讨情绪与认知怎样作用于道德判断;研究三将被试本身的欺负角色进行分类,选取受欺负者与未卷入者,以探讨欺负角色、社会距离对道德判断的影响。研究结果如下:(1)个体作为旁观者对欺负情境中的道德判断存在社会距离效应(无论是直接启动还是线索启动)。即个体知觉到的与欺负者的社会距离越远,对其的道德判断越严厉;知觉到的社会距离越近,道德判断越宽松。(2)总体来说,个体对关系欺负情境的道德判断最为严厉,其次是言语欺负情境,对身体欺负情境的道德判断相对最为宽松。个体随着年级的增加对身体欺负的道德判断越来越宽松而对关系欺负的道德判断越来越严厉。(3)道德判断和道德行为意向呈现显著正相关,即道德判断越严厉,个体的道德行为意向越强,助人可能性越高。(4)愤怒情绪启动组与厌恶情绪启动组相对于对照组道德判断最严厉,且不受社会距离效应的影响。(5)个体自身欺负的角色会影响个体的道德判断,不论社会距离的远近,当个体是受欺负者时,相对于未卷入者,道德判断更加严厉。
[Abstract]:With the great development of our country's economy and society, the social differentiation is becoming more and more serious, which brings about a series of social psychological problems. In recent years, bullying has become more and more serious in our country. In particular, the phenomenon of school bullying often brings irreparable and serious consequences to teenagers and their families, which makes it urgent to study the intervention of bullying. The research on bullying from different angles is helpful to find more effective intervention methods. Moral judgment is an individual's cognition of right and wrong, good or bad, which can predict moral behavior. Therefore, it is a new perspective to study bullying behavior from the perspective of moral judgment in order to explore the individual's influence on the subsequent helping behavior of the bullied person. According to the level of interpretation theory, (CLT), 's individual moral judgment on a certain behavior depends on the distance of the individual's perceived psychological distance, while on campus, the most common perception is the distance of interpersonal relationship. Therefore, this study takes social distance, one of the dimensions of psychological distance, into account to explore the influence of different social distances perceived by individuals on the moral judgment of junior high school students in bullying situations. In this paper, junior high school students as the research object, using the self-compiled bullying situational moral judgment questionnaire, a total of three parts. The first study consists of two sub-studies, exploring how the direct initiation of social distance and clue priming affect the moral judgment in bullying situations, and the relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior intention. In the second study, anger and disgust were taken into account as independent variables to explore how emotion and cognition acted on moral judgment. To explore the role of bullying, the impact of social distance on moral judgment. The results are as follows: (1) the individual as a bystander has a social distance effect on the moral judgment in the situation of bullying (either direct priming or clue priming). That is, the longer the social distance between the individual and the bully, the more severe the moral judgment; the closer the perceived social distance, the looser the moral judgment. (2) generally speaking, the individual's moral judgment on the situation of relational bullying is the most severe. Secondly, verbal bullying situation, the most relaxed moral judgment of physical bullying situation. With the increase of grade, the moral judgment of physical bullying becomes more and more relaxed and the moral judgment of relational bullying becomes more and more severe. (3) moral judgment and moral behavior intention are significantly positively correlated, that is, the more severe the moral judgment, the more severe the moral judgment is. The stronger the individual's moral behavior intention, the higher the possibility of helping others. (4) the anger priming group and the aversion priming group had the harshest moral judgment than the control group. And not affected by the social distance effect. (5) the role of individual bullying will affect the individual moral judgment, regardless of social distance, when the individual is bullied, compared with the non-involved, the moral judgment is more severe.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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