庄子审美教育思想及其现代意义

发布时间：2018-10-11 08:48

【摘要】：长期以来,众多学者仅关注儒家审美教育思想,而忽视了道家的相关理论贡献,尤其是庄子审美教育思想也少有人予以应有的研究。作为“轴心时代”(雅斯贝斯)的思想家庄子,面对当时秩序全无,价值混乱的社会状况,他把目光投向人,企图解除个体生存的种种束缚,以期实现对人类生存困境的突围。与儒家“由外向内”的教育方式不同的是,庄子的教育思考是以“由内向外”的方式,立足于人,关注个体的生命价值为特点的。庄子通过对“道”、“天地之大美”的体认,着眼于对人类生存困境的思考,强调人之自然本性的恪守,从而实现人与自我、人与自然、人与社会的和谐统一,进而达致心灵自在自适的审美境界。庄子这一部分极具教育意义的相关思想,本文将其称之为“庄子审美教育思想”。在价值与工具理性分裂,物质与精神生活发展极不平衡的现代社会,审美教育发挥着人类精神美化,感情净化,人格塑造等不可取代的作用。不可否认的是,现代审美教育仍存在诸多问题,例如在实践中依然是一种外铄的教育方式,对审美体验不够重视,对审美个性不够关注等。对当下教育改革来说,要使整个教育过程契合受教育者的审美个性,渗透自由创造之精神,改变教条式、灌输式的教育方式,庄子审美教育思想无疑具有十分重要的借鉴意义。本文基于前人对庄子审美教育思想的研究,在总结庄子审美教育思想主要内容的基础上,试图挖掘其崇尚自然,关注生命的审美教育内涵,建构相对完整的庄子审美教育思想体系,取其精华,去其糟粕,以期对现代审美教育的理论与实践提供一些启示。本文主要分为以下五章:第一章是绪论。主要介绍选题背景,选题缘由,研究目的与内容,相关文献综述,研究方法等方面。第二章是庄子审美教育思想产生的现实基础和理论基础。其中“现实基础”主要分为三个方面:第一、反对文明进程中人的异化;第二、对儒家“礼乐教化”的批判;第三、先秦审美意识的萌芽。“理论基础”为:第一、道法自然;第二、天人合一;第三、人性美论。第三章是庄子审美教育思想的主要内容,也是本文的主体部分。本章主要从四个方面来阐释,分别是庄子审美教育思想的美学内涵、目的、主要方法、特点。第四章主要讨论庄子审美教育思想的影响和内在矛盾。第五章是探寻庄子审美教育思想现代意义。主要从两个方面来论述,第一是庄子审美教育思想的理论意义;第二是庄子审美教育思想的实践指导意义。
[Abstract]:For a long time, many scholars only pay attention to the Confucian aesthetic education thought, but ignore the relevant theoretical contribution of Taoism, especially Zhuangzi aesthetic education thought few people give due research. As a thinker of the "Axis Age" (Jaspers), facing the social situation of no order and chaotic value at that time, Zhuangzi turned his eyes to people in an attempt to lift the shackles of individual survival in order to break through the plight of human existence. Different from the Confucian way of "from outside to inside", Zhuangzi's educational thinking is characterized by "from inside to outside", based on people and paying attention to the value of individual life. Through his understanding of Tao and the beauty of heaven and earth, Zhuangzi emphasizes the adherence to the natural nature of human beings in order to realize the harmony and unity between man and himself, between man and nature, and between man and society, with a view to thinking about the plight of human existence. And then to achieve the spirit of the aesthetic state of self-adaptation. This part of Zhuangzi has educational significance related thought, this article calls it "Zhuangzi aesthetic education thought". In the modern society, where the value and instrumental rationality are divided and the development of material and spiritual life is very unbalanced, aesthetic education plays an irreplaceable role in beautifying human spirit, purifying feelings and shaping personality. It is undeniable that there are still many problems in modern aesthetic education, such as in practice is still a kind of hearty education, not enough attention to aesthetic experience, not enough attention to aesthetic personality, and so on. For the present educational reform, it is of great significance to make the whole process of education conform to the aesthetic personality of the educatee, penetrate the spirit of free creation, and change the dogmatic and infused mode of education. Based on the previous research on Zhuangzi's aesthetic education thought and on the basis of summing up the main contents of Zhuangzi's aesthetic education thought, this paper tries to excavate its aesthetic education connotation of advocating nature and paying close attention to life. In order to provide some enlightenment to the theory and practice of modern aesthetic education, Zhuangzi's aesthetic education thought system should be constructed, and its essence should be taken away from the dregs. This article is divided into the following five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction. This paper mainly introduces the background, reason, purpose and content, literature review, research methods and so on. The second chapter is the realistic and theoretical basis of Zhuang Zi's aesthetic education thought. The "realistic basis" is divided into three aspects: first, against the alienation of human beings in the process of civilization; second, the criticism of Confucian "rites and music education"; third, the germination of aesthetic consciousness in the pre-Qin Dynasty. The theoretical basis is: first, the way of nature; second, the unity of nature and man; third, the theory of human beauty. The third chapter is the main content of Zhuangzi's aesthetic education thought and the main part of this paper. This chapter mainly explains from four aspects, namely Zhuang Zi aesthetic education thought esthetics connotation, the goal, the main method, the characteristic. Chapter four mainly discusses the influence and internal contradiction of Zhuangzi's aesthetic education thought. The fifth chapter is to explore the modern significance of Zhuangzi's aesthetic education thought. The first is the theoretical significance of Zhuangzi's aesthetic education and the second is the practical guiding significance of Zhuangzi's aesthetic education.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G40-014

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