近年我国义务教育均衡指数时序变化研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 12:18

【摘要】：教育均衡作为一个普遍性难题,长久以来受到国内外学者的密切关注。而义务教育均衡则是教育均衡的重点,是教育公平的基础和表现形式。而教育公平则是社会公平的基础。义务教育的均衡化是一个动态的过程。要推进其发展,首先要监测其发展进程,清楚其发展瓶颈。本研究在梳理国内外研究现状的基础上,依据一定的指标选取原则和理论指导,构建适合我国国情的义务教育均衡评价指标体系。并大量参阅相关统计年鉴的数据,借鉴测算人类发展指数的方法测算我国1995—2013年间的义务教育均衡指数。旨在监测近年我国义务教育均衡发展进程的同时,探究其存在的问题,为推进其进一步发展提供合理建议。本研究通过两个体系八个维度测算了近年我国义务教育均衡指数。发现无论是在宏观体系还是在中观体系,我国义务教育均衡指数均呈现逐步上升的态势。然则,当落实到具体八个维度的指数时,却发现不同指标的指数水平存在着较大差距。教育机会均衡指数已达到了比较高的数值且其变动幅度较小,长时间处于稳定上升的状态。而区域均衡指数在1995—2013年区间段内处于停滞不前的平台期,且近年有持续下降的趋势。将我国适龄儿童小学和初中的入学率与OECD数据库中收录的其他国家对应指标值的比较分析中发现,我国小学适龄儿童入学率确已达到世界领先水平。在对区域均衡指数的构成指标作进一步的比较探究时发现,义务教育经费、事业费投入和师资配置在东部、中部和西部区域间的差距很大。东部地区的经费资源和教师资源都远高于中西部地区。其中中部区域义务教育经费资源匮乏较为严重,西部地区师资配置匮乏较为严重。在对我国义务教育均衡指数与财政投入的相关性探究中,发现财政投入的持续增大并没有推动义务教育均衡的持续发展。反而经费投入的区域不均衡程度在持续加剧。
[Abstract]:As a universal problem, educational balance has been paid close attention by scholars at home and abroad for a long time. The balance of compulsory education is the focus of educational balance and the basis and manifestation of educational equity. Education equity is the foundation of social equity. The equalization of compulsory education is a dynamic process. To promote its development, first of all, to monitor its development process, clear its development bottlenecks. On the basis of combing the current research situation at home and abroad, this study constructs a balanced evaluation index system of compulsory education suitable for China's national conditions, based on the selected principles and theoretical guidance of certain indicators. And a large number of reference to the relevant statistical yearbook data, using the method of calculating the human development index to calculate the compulsory education balance index between 1995 and 2013 in China. The purpose of this paper is to monitor the balanced development of compulsory education in China in recent years, at the same time, to probe into its existing problems, and to provide reasonable suggestions for its further development. This study calculates the equilibrium index of compulsory education in China in recent years through two systems and eight dimensions. It is found that the equilibrium index of compulsory education in China is rising step by step, both in the macro system and in the meso system. However, when the index of the specific eight dimensions is implemented, it is found that there is a large gap in the index level of the different indicators. The educational opportunity equilibrium index has reached a relatively high value and its range of change is relatively small, and it is in a state of steady rise for a long time. However, the regional equilibrium index is stagnant in the period of 1995-2013, and has a decreasing trend in recent years. By comparing the enrolment rates of primary and junior high school children in China with the corresponding values of other countries included in the OECD database, it is found that the school enrolment rate of primary school age children in China has indeed reached the leading level in the world. In this paper, the author makes a further comparative study on the constitution of regional equilibrium index, and finds that there is a big gap between the eastern, central and western regions of compulsory education funds, investment in business expenses and the allocation of teachers. The financial resources and teachers' resources in the eastern region are much higher than those in the central and western regions. The central region is short of compulsory education funds, and the western region is short of teachers. In the study of the correlation between the balanced index of compulsory education and financial investment, it is found that the sustained increase of financial investment does not promote the sustainable development of compulsory education balance. On the contrary, the regional imbalance of funding is continuously increasing.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G522.3

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