教师言语指导对不同气质类型幼儿自控能力的影响

发布时间：2018-11-22 14:00

【摘要】：幼儿自控能力指幼儿积极主动地控制其心理与行为,自觉选择目标,克服一切干扰并实现目标的能力。自控能力是保证幼儿完成各项任务、与同伴友好相处及成功适应社会的必备品质,也是幼儿意志品质的一个重要方面。此外,又是幼儿自我意识发展的重要标志之一。幼儿的自控能力在不同年龄阶段的水平是不同的,幼儿的自控能力在性别上存在显著差异。自我控制能力是除智力因素以外的对个体社会适应、身心健康等的重要影响因素,幼儿期是个体的自控能力形成与发展十分重要的时期,良好的自控能力是幼儿成功地适应幼儿园生活乃至社会生活的基础。不同气质类型幼儿的自控能力是不同的,幼儿自控能力与教师的言语指导有关,而且教师言语指导对幼儿自控能力的影响因幼儿气质类型的不同而存在差异。本研究以济南市某幼儿园215名小班、中班和大班幼儿为研究对象,从中筛选出易养型、难养型、中间型幼儿共63人,并随机分为两组,采用准实验设计分别对两组三种不同气质类型的幼儿实施教师一次言语指导、教师多次言语指导两种不同的言语指导,以考察两种不同的言语指导对不同气质类型幼儿自控能力的影响。本论文得出以下主要研究结论:(1)女孩自控能力总分及自觉性、坚持性、冲动抑制性、自我延迟满足显著好于男孩。幼儿自控能力在自控总分及自觉性、坚持性、冲动抑制性、自我延迟满足各维度年级主效应显著,大班和小班幼儿在自控能力总分及自觉性、坚持性、冲动抑制性、自我延迟满足均好于中班幼儿,大班幼儿的坚持性好于小班幼儿。(2)问卷调查的结果发现,不同气质类型幼儿在坚持性、自我延迟满足及总的自控能力上差异显著,中间型幼儿的坚持性、自我延迟满足及自控能力总分均好于难养型幼儿,易养型幼儿的自我延迟满足和自控能力总分均好于难养型幼儿。(3)任务情境准实验研究发现,中间型幼儿的坚持性、冲动抑制性、自我延迟满足能力、总的自控能力显著好于难养型幼儿;易养型幼儿的冲动抑制性、自我延迟满足能力、总的自控能力显著好于难养型幼儿。教师多次言语指导后幼儿的坚持性显著好于教师一次言语指导。尤其是接受教师多次言语指导的易养型幼儿其坚持性显著好于接受教师一次言语指导的同气质类型的幼儿。
[Abstract]:Children's self-control ability refers to the ability of children to actively control their psychology and behavior, consciously choose goals, overcome all interference and achieve their goals. The ability of self-control is an essential quality to ensure the children to complete all kinds of tasks, to get along with their peers and to adapt to the society successfully. It is also an important aspect of the quality of children's will. In addition, it is also an important sign of the development of children's self-consciousness. The level of children's self-control ability is different in different age stage, and there is significant difference in their self-control ability in gender. Self-control ability is an important influence factor on individual social adaptation and physical and mental health except for intellectual factors. Early childhood is a very important period for the formation and development of individual self-control ability. Good self-control ability is the foundation of children's successful adaptation to kindergarten life and even social life. The self-control ability of children with different temperament types is different. The self-control ability of young children is related to teachers' speech guidance, and the influence of teachers' language guidance on children's self-control ability is different because of the different temperament types. In this study, 215 children in small class, middle class and large class in a kindergarten in Jinan City were selected out of the study. 63 children of easy to raise, difficult to raise and intermediate type were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Two groups of children with three different temperament types were given one time speech instruction and two different kinds of speech guidance by quasi experimental design. To investigate the influence of two different language guidance on children's self-control ability of different temperament types. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the total scores of self-control ability, consciousness, persistence, impulsive inhibition and self-delay satisfaction of girls are significantly better than those of boys. The main effect of self-control ability was significant in the total score of self-control, consciousness, persistence, impulsive inhibition, self-delay in all dimensions, and the total score and consciousness, persistence, impulse inhibition of children in large and small classes in self-control ability, the main effect of self-control ability was significant in each dimension of self-control, and the total score of self-control ability and consciousness, persistence and impulsive inhibition were significant. Self-delay satisfaction was better than that of middle class children, and that of large class children was better than that of small class children. (2) the results of questionnaire survey showed that there were significant differences in adherence, self-delay satisfaction and total self-control ability among children with different temperament types. The total scores of persistence, self-delay satisfaction and self-control ability of middle type children were better than that of difficult type children, and the total scores of self-delay satisfaction and self-control ability of easily nurtured children were better than those of difficult type children. (3) Quasi-experimental study of task situation found that, The ability of persistence, impulsive inhibition, self-delayed satisfaction and total self-control of intermediate children were significantly better than those of hard-to-raise children. The ability of impulsive inhibition, self-delay satisfaction and total self-control were significantly better than those of difficult-raising children. The children's persistence is better than the teacher's one-time speech instruction. In particular, the persistence of the children with the same temperament was better than that of the children with the same temperament who received the teacher's speech instruction for many times.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.12

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