教师对学生的尊重：辩护、考察、反思与重建

发布时间：2018-11-25 21:39

【摘要】：教师对学生的尊重是教育的应有之义。学生拥有最基本的人权,享有不被侵犯的绝对尊严和绝对价值,理应被教师尊重。然而,尊重学生的理念虽然已被广泛倡导,教育现实中仍存在对学生的不尊重现象,因此关注教师对学生的尊重问题具有强烈的现实意义。以往研究偏重对教师尊重学生的规范性分析,而相关的实证探索却相对缺乏。基于此,本研究从尊重学生的价值出发,通过对上海市J中学进行一学期的参与式观察,并对20位教师和16位学生进行深度访谈,分析从中搜集的86个案例,试图考察教师尊重学生的现状,反思教师理解中的典型误区。研究发现,对学生而言,受教师尊重是学生的强烈诉求,主要表现在四个方面:第一,人格尊严不被侵犯;第二,受教育权不被剥夺;第三,全面发展和教师的平等对待;第四,教师的公正评价。而教师对"尊重学生"的认知存在三个误区:其一,受传统观念影响,教师认为"尊重"就是要求学生尊重教师,因而把"尊重学生"看作求全责备的要求;其二,教师认为学生需要爱,而并非"尊重";其三,学校中仍存在教师"贴标签"的行为,并未将全体学生列入受尊重的范围。综上所述,要真正实现教师对学生的尊重,我们需要在教育中重建承认性尊重的基本立场,即无差别地对待每个学生,使人人在教育中都能享有尊严和权利。为此,教师应在实践中坚持三个原则:第一,保持对待学生的慎重态度是前提,教师应强化自尊、学会换位思考和优化情绪管理;第二,掌握积极的教育教学方法是关键,教师应增强学生的自控能力,规范自身的惩戒行为,遵循评价伦理;第三,坚持自觉的反思是动力,通过提高师德素养和加强教师的反思行为,促使教师获取尊重学生的持续动力。
[Abstract]:Teachers' respect for students is the proper meaning of education. Students have the most basic human rights, absolute dignity and absolute value, which should be respected by teachers. However, although the concept of respecting students has been widely advocated, there is still a phenomenon of disrespect to students in the educational reality. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to pay attention to teachers' respect for students. Previous studies have focused on the normative analysis of teachers' respect for students, but the relevant empirical research is relatively lacking. Based on this, this study starts from respecting the value of students, through a one-semester participatory observation of Shanghai J Middle School, and carries out in-depth interviews with 20 teachers and 16 students, and analyzes 86 cases collected from them. This paper attempts to examine the present situation of teachers' respect for students and reflect on the typical misunderstandings in teachers' understanding. The study found that for students, respect by teachers is a strong demand of students, mainly in four aspects: first, human dignity is not violated; second, the right to education is not deprived; third, comprehensive development and equal treatment of teachers; Fourth, the fair evaluation of teachers. There are three misunderstandings in teachers' cognition of "respecting students": first, under the influence of traditional concepts, teachers regard "respect" as a requirement for students to respect teachers, so they regard "respect for students" as a demand for perfection and reproach; Second, teachers believe that students need love, not "respect"; third, teachers'"labeling" still exists in schools, and all students are not included in the scope of respect. In conclusion, in order to truly realize teachers' respect for students, we need to re-establish the basic position of recognizing respect in education, that is, to treat every student without distinction, so that everyone can enjoy dignity and rights in education. Therefore, teachers should adhere to three principles in practice: first, maintaining a prudent attitude towards students is the prerequisite, teachers should strengthen self-esteem, learn to think for others and optimize emotional management; Second, mastering the positive teaching method is the key. Teachers should strengthen the students' self-control ability, standardize their own disciplinary behavior and follow the evaluation ethics. Thirdly, insisting on conscious reflection is the motive force. By improving teachers' moral accomplishment and strengthening teachers' reflective behavior, teachers can acquire the sustained motivation to respect students.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G451

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