高考复读生压力知觉与成就动机、心理资本的关系研究

发布时间：2019-02-27 18:03

【摘要】：在就业难、文凭要求高的当今社会,高考几乎成了所有学生们的唯一出路。而高考复读生,是我国特色的高考体系下孕育出的特别群体,他们已经历过一次高考落榜的挫败,与应届生相比,表现为面对的内外应激压力源更多,心理承受能力更差,通常感到的压力更大。压力知觉,是指个体对压力的主观感知,根据以往的经验对事件进行评价。压力是否会对个体产生影响,取决于其如何评估、知觉该压力。心理资本是个体所有积极的心理状态和人格特质的总和,成就动机是指个体在完成他所认为重要的或有价值的任务时,激励他获得成功、避免失败、寻求完美的一种内部推动力量。为有效降低高考复读生的压力知觉水平,提高该群体的心理健康水平,探讨心理资本与成就动机水平对压力知觉的影响作用,本研究以《压力知觉量表》《成就动机量表》《心理资本量表》为研究工具,在安徽省部分地区随机抽取500名高考复读生为研究对象,进行问卷调查研究。剔除无效问卷以后获得有效问卷430份,对调查结果运用SPSS18.0统计软件进行统计分析。通过研究,获得以下结论:1)高考复读生的压力知觉处于中等偏上水平,心理资本、成就动机处于中等水平;2)高考复读生压力知觉在不同性别、是否班级干部上存在显著差异,其中女生压力知觉水平明显高于男生,非班干部压力知觉水平明显高于班干部学生;3)高考复读生心理资本在性别因素、是否班级干部因素上达到显著差异,其中男生的心理资本水平高于女生,班干部心理资本水平以及各维度水平均高于非班干部学生。独生复读生与非独生复读生在心理资本总分上没有显著差异,但在自我效能与韧性两个维度上的得分则具有显著差异。4)高考复读生成就动机在不同性别、是否独生子女、是否班级干部上均达到了显著差异。在该群体中,男复生的成就动机水平明显高于女复生,独生子女复读生的成就动机明显高于非独生复读生,班干部复读生的成就动机高于非班干部复读生;5)高考复读生的压力知觉与心理资本、成就动机水平均为显著负相关;6)高考复读生心理资本能够显著预测压力知觉,心理资本能够显著预测成就动机,成就动机能够显著预测压力知觉;7)高考复读生成就动机在心理资本与压力知觉中存在部分中介效应。
[Abstract]:In today's society, where employment is difficult and diploma requirements are high, college entrance examination is the only way out for almost all students. And the re-entry students in the college entrance examination are special groups bred under the college entrance examination system with Chinese characteristics. They have experienced a defeat in the college entrance examination. Compared with the new students, they have more internal and external stress sources and worse psychological ability to bear. The pressure is usually greater. Stress perception refers to the individual's subjective perception of stress, according to the past experience to evaluate the event. Whether stress affects an individual depends on how he or she evaluates it and perceives it. Psychological capital is the sum of all the positive psychological states and personality traits of an individual. Achievement motivation means that an individual motivates him to succeed and avoid failure when he accomplishes what he considers to be an important or valuable task. The search for a perfect internal driving force. In order to effectively reduce the pressure perception level of college entrance examination repeat students, improve the mental health level of this group, explore the effect of psychological capital and achievement motivation level on pressure perception. In this study, the stress perception scale, Achievement motivation scale and Mental Capital scale were used as the research tools, and 500 college entrance examination students were randomly selected in some areas of Anhui Province as the research object, and a questionnaire survey was carried out. After eliminating invalid questionnaires, 430valid questionnaires were obtained, and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS18.0 software. Through the research, the following conclusions are obtained: 1) the students' pressure perception is at the middle level, psychological capital and achievement motivation are at the middle level; 2) there were significant differences in the pressure perception among the students with different gender and whether there was a significant difference between class cadres or not, in which the pressure perception level of female students was significantly higher than that of male students, and the pressure perception level of non-class cadres was significantly higher than that of class cadres and students; 3) the psychological capital of the students in the college entrance examination was significantly different in terms of gender, whether or not the class cadre factor was higher. The psychological capital level of the male students was higher than that of the female students, the psychological capital level of the class cadres and the level of each dimension were higher than those of the non-class cadre students. There is no significant difference in the total score of psychological capital between the only students and the non-only students, but there is a significant difference in the scores of self-efficacy and resilience. 4) the motivation of repetition generation in the college entrance examination is whether the only child is the only child or not. Whether class cadres have reached significant differences. In this group, the achievement motivation level of male students is higher than that of female students, the achievement motivation of only-child repeat students is significantly higher than that of non-only students, and the achievement motivation of class cadres is higher than that of non-class cadres. 5) there was a significant negative correlation between stress perception and psychological capital, achievement motivation level of college entrance examination students; 6) Mental capital can significantly predict stress perception, psychological capital can significantly predict achievement motivation, achievement motivation can significantly predict stress perception; 7) there are some mediating effects in psychological capital and pressure perception in the formation of repetition motivation in college entrance examination.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G444

【参考文献】