我国青少年心理健康现状及影响因素分析

发布时间：2019-03-03 09:27

【摘要】：随着社会迅速发展、经济体制改革深入,知识经济、信息化、网络化等因素使得生活环境发生着显著变化,各种心理应激因素急剧增加。青春期是青少年从稚嫩到成熟的过渡期,但是,此时青少年无法完全摆脱儿时的依赖、胆怯、稚气,而又想要做到成年人的独立、成熟、老练,这种矛盾心理状态使得青少年容易陷入压抑、焦躁、叛逆、自闭等情绪,进而对青少年的心理健康成长造成消极影响。同时,青少年心理的健全、健康,不仅对于青少年自身成长,而且对家庭幸福甚至社会安定和谐都有着重要意义。本文根据心理学、统计学、社会学的相关理论,采用对比分析法、定性与定量相结合的方法对青少年心理健康的影响因素进行研究。实证分析是基于2013—2014学年中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)数据,运用SPSS、EXCEL以及AMOS软件进行的描述性统计分析、推断性统计分析及比较分析。研究结果表明,青少年心理健康状况在不同性别间、不同年龄间、独生子女与非独生子女两组之间、成长过程中有无父母陪伴两组之间、城乡之间均存在着显著差异,表现为男生群体、青年初期群体、独生子女群体、缺少父母陪伴群体以及城镇群体的青少年心理健康水平相对较差。其次,通过对影响青少年心理健康的因素的结构方程模型分析发现,对青少年心理健康影响最大的两个因素分别为“家庭客观环境” “学业压力”,随后为“学校氛围”“学业压力”,而对心理健康影响最小的则为“同伴效应”。可见家庭、学校对于青少年心理健康成长起着至关重要的作用。再次,在对独生子女与非独生子女的心理健康影响因素的对比分析中发现,家庭客观环境及家庭氛围在独生子女的心理健康的影响相对来说要大于非独生子女;而对于非独生子女来说,学校氛围的影响则要更大一些。最后,在前文研究的基础上,本文从政府相关职能部门、学校、家庭以及青少年四个角度提出相关意见与建议,以期从总体上提升青少年心理健康水平。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society, the deepening of economic system reform, knowledge economy, information, networking and other factors, the living environment has been significantly changed, and various psychological stress factors have increased dramatically. Adolescence is a transition period from adolescence to maturity. However, at this time, adolescents cannot completely get rid of childhood dependence, timidity, childishness, but also want to achieve adult independence, maturity, and sophistication. This contradictory psychological state makes teenagers easy to fall into depression, anxiety, rebellious, autistic and other emotions, and then has a negative impact on the mental health growth of adolescents. At the same time, the mental integrity and health of teenagers is of great significance not only to their own growth, but also to family happiness and even social stability and harmony. Based on the related theories of psychology, statistics and sociology, this paper studies the influencing factors of adolescent mental health by means of comparative analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The empirical analysis is based on the (CEPS) data of China Education tracking Survey in 2013 / 2014 academic year. The descriptive statistical analysis, inferential statistical analysis and comparative analysis are carried out by using SPSS,EXCEL and AMOS software. The results showed that the mental health status of adolescents was significantly different between different sexes, ages, only children and non-only children, and there were significant differences between the two groups with or without parentage and between urban and rural areas during their growing up, and there were significant differences in mental health between different sexes, ages, only children and non-only children. The group of boys, the group of young people, the group of only-child, the group of lacking parents and the group of urban group had a relatively poor mental health level. Secondly, through the structural equation model analysis of the factors that affect adolescent mental health, it is found that the two factors which have the greatest influence on adolescent mental health are "family objective environment" and "academic pressure", respectively. Followed by "school atmosphere" academic pressure ", and the smallest impact on mental health is" peer effect ". It can be seen that the family, school for adolescent mental health growth plays a vital role. Thirdly, through the comparative analysis of the factors affecting the mental health of the only-child and the non-only-child, it is found that the influence of the family objective environment and the family atmosphere on the mental health of the only-child is relatively greater than that of the non-only-child; For non-only children, the impact of the school atmosphere is greater. Finally, on the basis of the previous study, this paper puts forward some suggestions from four angles: government functional departments, schools, families and adolescents, in order to improve the mental health level of adolescents in general.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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