大学生生命意义感和心理资本的关系及干预研究

发布时间：2019-04-24 19:42

【摘要】：近年来,高校大学生心理问题层出不穷,自杀事件频频发生,引起全社会的高度关注。积极心理学的兴起,使得越来越多的学者开始尝试从生命意义和心理资本的视角探讨大学生的心理健康问题,加强相关方面的研究,一些研究者试图通过团体辅导对大学生生命意义感和心理资本进行干预,取得了一定的成效。随着高校心理咨询方法的不断丰富,沙盘游戏和萨提亚模式逐渐进入视野,在大学生群体中发挥着各自的独特优势。沙盘游戏主要通过游戏这种体验的形式,充分利用非言语交流和象征性意义,将无意识的能量以可见的形式呈现在沙盘上,从而对无意识进行工作;萨提亚模式作为一种积极的心理治疗体系,以“积极正向、强调体验性、重视系统性、聚焦于改变、运用治疗师自己”的五大特征,以及帮助个体“提升自尊、成为更好的选择者、增强责任感、发展和谐一致”的四大目标为特色,强调在体验的过程中促进改变的发生。本研究中,研究一以兰州大学为例,调查大学生生命意义感、心理资本的现状及其在人口统计学上的差异,并探讨大学生生命意义感和心理资本的关系及内在机制,结果显示:(1)大学生生命意义感、心理资本处于中等水平;(2)在性别、专业、居住地、是否独生子女上,大学生生命意义感、心理资本不存在显著差异,但女生的生活目标、希望和乐观显著高于男生,独生子女的自我效能显著高于非独生子女;在年级上,大四学生的生命意义感显著低于大一、大二和大三,韧性和希望也显著低于大一;(3)大学生心理资本和生命意义感呈现显著的正相关关系;(4)大学生心理资本不仅可以直接预测生命意义感,也可以通过自尊间接影响生命意义感。在研究一的基础上,研究二借鉴整合治疗中的技术折衷模式,在积极心理学的视角下,将沙盘游戏与萨提亚模式结合起来,同时融入团体辅导,对大学生生命意义感和心理资本进行干预,研究结论如下:(1)沙盘游戏和萨提亚模式结合的团体辅导可以显著提升大学生的生命意义感和心理资本;(2)沙盘游戏和萨提亚模式结合的团体辅导可以作为一种有效的团体辅导形式得以推广和应用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the psychological problems of college students emerge one after another, and suicides occur frequently, which causes the whole society to pay close attention to. With the rise of positive psychology, more and more scholars begin to try to explore the mental health of college students from the perspective of life meaning and psychological capital, and strengthen the research on related aspects. Some researchers tried to intervene in college students' sense of meaning and psychological capital through group counseling, and achieved some results. With the continuous enrichment of psychological consultation methods in colleges and universities, sand table game and Satia model gradually enter the field of vision, and play their own unique advantages among the college students. The sand table game takes full advantage of non-verbal communication and symbolic meaning, and presents the unconscious energy on the sand table in visible form, so as to work on the unconscious through the form of the game, which makes full use of the non-verbal communication and symbolic meaning. The Satia model, as a positive psychotherapy system, is designed to "be positive, emphasize experience, emphasize systematicness, focus on change, use the therapist's own five characteristics, and help individuals" improve their self-esteem. To be a better choice, to enhance responsibility, to develop harmony and unity is characterized by four goals that emphasize promoting change in the process of experience. In this study, taking Lanzhou University as an example, the present situation of college students' sense of meaning of life, psychological capital and their differences in demographics were investigated, and the relationship between sense of life and psychological capital and its internal mechanism were also discussed. The results show that: (1) the sense of meaning of life and psychological capital of college students are in the middle level; (2) there was no significant difference in the sense of life meaning and psychological capital of college students in terms of gender, major, residence, only child or not, but the goal, hope and optimism of female students were significantly higher than those of male students. The self-efficacy of the only child was significantly higher than that of the non-only child. In grade, the sense of life significance of senior students is significantly lower than that of freshmen, sophomores and sophomores, and toughness and hope are significantly lower than those of freshmen. (3) there is a significant positive correlation between psychological capital and sense of life significance of college students; (4) the psychological capital of college students can not only directly predict the sense of meaning of life, but also indirectly affect the sense of meaning of life through self-esteem. On the basis of the first study, the second study draws lessons from the technical compromise model in integrated therapy, combines the sand table game with the Satia model from the perspective of positive psychology, and at the same time integrates it into group counseling. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) the combination of sand table game and Satia model can significantly improve the sense of life meaning and psychological capital of college students, and the research results are as follows: (1) the combination of sand table game and Satia model can significantly improve the sense of life meaning and psychological capital; (2) the combination of sand table game and Satia model can be promoted and applied as an effective form of group guidance.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G441

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