公立学校改革：美国磁石学校发展历程研究
发布时间：2019-05-28 07:30
【摘要】：磁石学校是指以促进种族融合为目标,拥有独特的课程或教学方法,吸引不同学区、不同种族学生入学的一种公立学校。磁石学校的出现是美国教育史上的一件大事,为美国义务教育做出了重要贡献。本文以"磁石学校发展历程"为研究主线,分为绪论、四章正文及结语几部分。绪论介绍了选题缘由;界定了磁石学校的概念;综述了国内外磁石学校的研究现状。此外,还阐明了研究的重难点、创新点及相关研究方法。第一章磁石学校的肇始,主要研究1968-1975年磁石学校的发展情况。受到种族融合呼声、新自由主义教育以及公立学校弊端的影响,1968年美国第一所磁石学校应运而生,正式开启了磁石学校的历史。这时期磁石学校发展速度平缓,学校类型也以借鉴早期特色学校为主。第二章磁石学校的发展,主要研究1975-1985年磁石学校的发展情况。1975年,"摩根诉讼凯里根案"正式承认磁石学校在促进种族融合中的地位。1976年,磁石学校又获得《学校紧急援助法案》的资助。之后,磁石学校便得到了快速发展。1981年美国已有138个学区开办了 1,019所磁石学校,吸引了 44,100名学生。这时期磁石学校还组织各种会议加强校际联系,办学进入了相对成熟的阶段。第三章磁石学校的繁荣,主要研究1985-2002年磁石学校的发展情况。1985年《磁石学校辅助计划》成为第一个以"磁石学校"命名的专项法案,它提升了磁石学校的地位,刺激了磁石学校的新发展。为加强磁石学校管理,此阶段创建了全国性磁石学校管理机构——美国磁石学校协会,使得磁石学校管理朝着科学化的方向发展。第四章磁石学校的调整,主要研究2002年之后磁石学校的发展情况。2002年《不让一个儿童掉队法案》主张"提高父母选择权",引领了基础教育的新方向。新世纪以来,受特许学校冲击、各州财政拨款缩减、去磁石学校化运动等影响,磁石学校迎来了巨大挑战。为应对挑战,磁石学校在国家政策、资金支持及内部改革等方面做出了调整,以保障磁石学校在机遇与挑战中不断发展。结语对磁石学校发展历程进行了汇总。首先,总结了磁石学校的理念、数量、类型以及经费演变;其次,阐述了磁石学校在打破学区壁垒、促进种族融合、提升教育质量以及丰富择校方式等方面的影响;最后,归纳了磁石学校的成功秘诀,为中国办学提供了可供借鉴的国际视野。
[Abstract]:Magnet school is a kind of public school which aims at promoting racial integration and has unique courses or teaching methods to attract students from different school districts and races. The emergence of magnet schools is a major event in the history of American education and has made important contributions to compulsory education in the United States. This paper takes the development of magnet school as the main line of research, which is divided into four parts: introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The introduction introduces the reason of choosing the topic, defines the concept of magnet school, and summarizes the research status of magnet school at home and abroad. In addition, the key and difficult points, innovations and related research methods are also expounded. The first chapter is the beginning of magnet school, which mainly studies the development of magnet school from 1968 to 1975. Under the influence of racial integration, neoliberal education and the malpractice of public schools, the first magnet school in the United States came into being in 1968, which officially opened the history of magnet school. During this period, the development speed of magnet schools was slow, and the school type was also based on the early characteristic schools. The second chapter is the development of magnet schools, which mainly studies the development of magnet schools from 1975 to 1985. In 1975, the Morgan v. Calligan case officially recognized the position of magnet schools in promoting racial integration. 1976. Magnet schools are also funded by the School Emergency Assistance Act. Since then, magnet schools have grown rapidly. In 1981, 1019 magnet schools were opened in 138 school districts in the United States, attracting 44100 students. During this period, magnet schools also organized various meetings to strengthen inter-school ties, and the school entered a relatively mature stage. The third chapter is the prosperity of magnet schools, which mainly studies the development of magnet schools from 1985 to 2002. In 1985, the Magnet School Auxiliary Plan became the first special bill named after "magnet schools", which promoted the status of magnet schools. It stimulated the new development of magnet schools. In order to strengthen the management of magnet schools, a national magnet school management organization, the American Association of Magnet Schools, was established at this stage, which makes the management of magnet schools develop in a scientific direction. The fourth chapter is the adjustment of magnet schools, which mainly studies the development of magnet schools after 2002. The No Child left behind Act 2002 advocates "improving parents' choice", which leads to a new direction of basic education. Since the new century, magnet schools have ushered in great challenges under the impact of charter schools, reduced state funding, demagnetization movement and so on. In order to meet the challenges, magnet schools have made adjustments in national policy, financial support and internal reform to ensure the continuous development of magnet schools in the context of opportunities and challenges. The conclusion summarizes the development process of magnet school. First of all, it summarizes the concept, quantity, type and fund evolution of magnet school. Secondly, it expounds the influence of magnet school in breaking the barriers of school district, promoting ethnic integration, improving the quality of education and enriching the way of school choice. Finally, the secret of the success of magnet school is summarized, which provides an international vision for China to run a school.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G571.2
本文编号：2486859
[Abstract]:Magnet school is a kind of public school which aims at promoting racial integration and has unique courses or teaching methods to attract students from different school districts and races. The emergence of magnet schools is a major event in the history of American education and has made important contributions to compulsory education in the United States. This paper takes the development of magnet school as the main line of research, which is divided into four parts: introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The introduction introduces the reason of choosing the topic, defines the concept of magnet school, and summarizes the research status of magnet school at home and abroad. In addition, the key and difficult points, innovations and related research methods are also expounded. The first chapter is the beginning of magnet school, which mainly studies the development of magnet school from 1968 to 1975. Under the influence of racial integration, neoliberal education and the malpractice of public schools, the first magnet school in the United States came into being in 1968, which officially opened the history of magnet school. During this period, the development speed of magnet schools was slow, and the school type was also based on the early characteristic schools. The second chapter is the development of magnet schools, which mainly studies the development of magnet schools from 1975 to 1985. In 1975, the Morgan v. Calligan case officially recognized the position of magnet schools in promoting racial integration. 1976. Magnet schools are also funded by the School Emergency Assistance Act. Since then, magnet schools have grown rapidly. In 1981, 1019 magnet schools were opened in 138 school districts in the United States, attracting 44100 students. During this period, magnet schools also organized various meetings to strengthen inter-school ties, and the school entered a relatively mature stage. The third chapter is the prosperity of magnet schools, which mainly studies the development of magnet schools from 1985 to 2002. In 1985, the Magnet School Auxiliary Plan became the first special bill named after "magnet schools", which promoted the status of magnet schools. It stimulated the new development of magnet schools. In order to strengthen the management of magnet schools, a national magnet school management organization, the American Association of Magnet Schools, was established at this stage, which makes the management of magnet schools develop in a scientific direction. The fourth chapter is the adjustment of magnet schools, which mainly studies the development of magnet schools after 2002. The No Child left behind Act 2002 advocates "improving parents' choice", which leads to a new direction of basic education. Since the new century, magnet schools have ushered in great challenges under the impact of charter schools, reduced state funding, demagnetization movement and so on. In order to meet the challenges, magnet schools have made adjustments in national policy, financial support and internal reform to ensure the continuous development of magnet schools in the context of opportunities and challenges. The conclusion summarizes the development process of magnet school. First of all, it summarizes the concept, quantity, type and fund evolution of magnet school. Secondly, it expounds the influence of magnet school in breaking the barriers of school district, promoting ethnic integration, improving the quality of education and enriching the way of school choice. Finally, the secret of the success of magnet school is summarized, which provides an international vision for China to run a school.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G571.2
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