就业压力对低年级大学生成就动机的影响及其应对

发布时间：2018-03-19 15:58

本文选题：就业压力　切入点：成就动机　出处：《西南大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 低年级大学生正处在学习科学文化知识和掌握科学技术理论和技术的时候。具有很高的成就动机。成就动机作为一种重要的社会性动机,它对个体的工作和学习都有很大的推动作用。大学生是高端人才的后备力量,其成就动机的状况与个人成才、社会发展密切相关。过去的十几年间,大学毕业生总量迅速增加,随之而来的就是大学生就业困难的问题。大学生面临着巨大的压力,理想与现实之间的差异在他们的内心形成一系列的冲突和矛盾,从而产生很大的心理压力。尤其近几年来,国内外的研究表明,就业或择业压力是大学生心理压力的重要来源。根据压力理论,个体的行为会出现逃避、退缩、无助与自怜等行为。因此个体的成就动机可能会受到就业压力的影响。为了探明就业压力是否对大学生成就动机造成负面影响,以及如何影响大学生的成就动机,本研究采用陈宇红教授编制的《大学生就业压力问卷》和叶仁敏修订的Gjesme和Nygard编制的《成就动机量表》,测量西南大学一年级和二年级学生的就业压力和成就动机水平并进行分析。本研究发现: 一、低年级大学生已经感受到了就业压力,其中求职竞争的压力最大,其次是专业供求矛盾的压力。低年级大学生,体验到的压力更多的是跟自己相联系的一些基本情况,如自己的竞争能力,自己对自我的定位,自己的个人素质以及自己的社会关系等。二、影响大学生就业压力的因素首先是招生的类型,非师范生比免费师范生体验到了更大的就业压力。其次是年级因素,二年级的大学生比一年级的大学生体验到了更大的就业压力,接下来是性别因素,女性比男性体验到了更大的就业压力。最后是学科因素和城乡生源因素,文科和乡村生源的大学生体验的就业压力更大。三、低年级大学生的成就动机处于比较理想的水平,但是也出现了群体的差异。造成低年级大学生成就动机差异的首要因素是年级因素,一年级的大学生比二年级的大学生成就动机更高,其次是性别因素,男性比女性的成就动机更高。然后是城乡因素,城镇生源的大学生成就动机更高。四、低年级大学生就业压力和成就动机之间具有稳定的负相关,就业压力越大,成就动机就越低。本研究的结果与国内研究者在大学生就业压力以及大学生的成就动机的结论大体一致,但也存在差异。进一步探明了就业压力与成就动机的相互影响机制,对于提高大学生的成就动机、寻找合理的应对方式具有现实意义。
[Abstract]:Junior college students are learning scientific and cultural knowledge and mastering theories and techniques of science and technology. They have high achievement motivation. Achievement motivation is an important social motivation. College students are the reserve force of high-end talents, and their achievement motivation is closely related to their personal development and social development. In the past ten years, the total number of college graduates has increased rapidly. The following is the problem of college students' employment difficulties. College students are facing enormous pressure. The difference between ideal and reality forms a series of conflicts and contradictions in their hearts, thus creating great psychological pressure. Especially in recent years, Studies at home and abroad have shown that employment or job pressure is an important source of psychological stress for college students. According to stress theory, individual behavior will escape and retreat. Helplessness and self-pity. Therefore, individual achievement motivation may be affected by employment pressure. In order to find out whether employment pressure has a negative impact on college students' achievement motivation, and how to influence college students' achievement motivation, This study measured the employment stress and achievement motivation of freshmen and sophomores in Southwest University by using the questionnaire of College students' Employment stress compiled by Professor Chen Yuhong and the scale of Achievement motivation compiled by Gjesme and Nygard, revised by Ye Renmin. Level and analyze. This study found that:. First, junior college students have already felt the pressure of employment, of which the pressure of competition for employment is the greatest, followed by the pressure of contradictory supply and demand of major. The pressure experienced by junior students is more of the basic conditions associated with themselves. Such as their own competitiveness, self-positioning, their personal qualities and their own social relations. Second, the factors that affect the employment pressure of college students are, first, the type of enrollment, the non-normal students experience greater employment pressure than the free normal students, and the second is the grade factor. Second grade students experience greater employment pressure than first-year students, then gender factors, women experience greater employment pressure than men. Finally, there are subject factors and urban and rural student resources. College students from liberal arts and rural areas experience greater employment pressure. Third, the achievement motivation of the junior college students is at the ideal level, but there is also a group difference. The primary factor that causes the difference in the achievement motivation of the junior college students is the grade factor. The achievement motivation of the first grade students is higher than that of the second grade students, the gender factor is the second, the achievement motivation of the male is higher than that of the female, then is the urban and rural factors, and the achievement motivation of the urban and rural students is higher than that of the urban students. Fourth, there is a stable negative correlation between the employment pressure and achievement motivation of the junior college students. The greater the employment pressure, the lower the achievement motivation. The results of this study are consistent with the findings of domestic researchers on the employment pressure of college students and the achievement motivation of college students, but there are also differences, which further explore the interaction mechanism between employment pressure and achievement motivation. It is of practical significance to improve college students' achievement motivation and find reasonable coping styles.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B844.2

【引证文献】