体育锻炼对降低大学生自卑感的影响及其心理机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 07:11

本文选题：体育锻炼　切入点：大学生　出处：《华东师范大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 许多研究资料表明，目前我国大学生的整体心理健康状况不容乐观，自卑感作为大学生常见的心理障碍之一也出现了一种日渐严重的趋势。由于长期的自卑感是导致大学生各种心理问题产生，，并影响他们健康成长的重要原因之一。因此，近些年来，对大学生自卑感问题的研究已引起了广大学者的高度重视。自从20世纪60-70年代锻炼心理学兴起以来，体育锻炼对降低自卑感的影响已成为一个重要的研究领域为了考察体育锻炼与大学生自卑感是否存在关系、什么样的体育锻炼模式才能更有效地降低大学生的自卑感、不同的锻炼情景对降低大学生自卑感的影响是否不同、体育锻炼对降低大学生自卑感影响的心理机制是什么等问题，本研究在较系统地分析了国内外关于体育锻炼与自卑感关系的理论研究与实践应用的基础上，提出了该领域研究的不足，初步构建了体育锻炼对降低大学生自卑感影响的心理机制理论假设模型，并采用问卷调查法、访谈法、心理测查法、实验法、等研究方法，对这些问题进行了研究。首先，主要对整个研究的目的意义和基本问题进行了较为详细的阐述，并从总体上对本研究进行了构想和设计。其次，回顾了国内外关于自卑感的有关研究，分析了自卑感的相关概念、自卑感的表现、成因、类型及危害性，介绍了自卑感与心理健康、自我效能感和自尊有关理论观点。第三，采用分层加随机抽样的方法，在湖南和上海两地选取了1132名大学生，运用自卑感量表等测量工具，对体育锻炼与我国大学生自卑感的关系进行了调查研究，共回收有效问卷997份，主要考察了体育锻炼与大学生自卑感及其影响因素的关系，建构了它们之间的关系模型，同时还考察了大学生自卑感的性别年级差异。结果表明：(1)大学生自卑感存在显著的性别和年级差异。女生的自卑感平均得分高于男生，一年级大学生的自卑感平均得分高于二、三年级。(2)体育锻炼与自卑感之间不存在线性关系，但他们之间存在显著的非线性关系，体育锻炼对降低大学生自卑感的影响作用为先负后正，中等强度的体育锻炼能降低大学生的自卑感，大强度的体育锻炼反而会使他们的自卑感升高。(3)大学生的自尊、一般自我效能感与体育锻炼之间的关系为负向关系，自尊、一般自我效能感高的大学生其自卑感低。(4)自尊、一般自我效能感变量在体育锻炼和自卑感之间的关系中起到部分的中介作用，体育锻炼除与自卑感有直接的非线性影响关系外，还通过自尊、一般自我效能感中介变量对自卑感产生作用。第四，创设不同的体育锻炼情景，即以竞争性锻炼情景、娱乐性锻炼情景为自变量，以大学生自卑感为因变量进行实验研究，考察了不同的体育锻炼情景对降低171名大学生自卑感的影响，并通过体育锻炼对自尊和一般自我效能感影响的探讨进一步验证了本研究所建构的关系模型。研究结果表明：(1)中等强度的体育锻炼能对大学生自卑感产生积极的影响，创设适宜的锻炼情景可以更好地发挥体育锻炼的效能。(2)关于本研究所创设的锻炼情景对大学生自卑感的影响，竞争性情景锻炼优于娱乐性情景锻炼。(3)不同的锻炼持续时间对大学生自卑感的影响不同，总体来说，锻炼时间越长，自卑感改善的效果越显著。(4)所建构的预测模型在本实验的控制条件下是合适的，预测变量对自卑感有较好的预测作用，自尊、一般自我效能感在体育锻炼对自卑感的影响中起到了部分的非线性中介作用。第五，应用个案研究、问卷调查与访谈法，再对大学生自卑感问题的心理机制进行分析，同时对4例具有此类问题的大学生采用了篮球项目中竞争性的锻炼情景实施干预并进行了追踪研究。总体上看，竞争性锻炼情景对大学生自卑感存在显著的、积极的干预效果，能非常有效地消除或降低自卑感，提高心理健康水平。同时，通过对有关变量在实验所控制条件下的变化趋势的考察，进一步验证了本研究所构建的体育锻炼与自卑感关系的多元非线性回归模型。第六，对整个研究结果进行了总结，并针对研究中存在的一些主要问题进行了分析，提出了进一步完善有关大学生自卑感研究方面的设想，对体育锻炼降低大学生自卑感的研究前景进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Many studies show that the overall mental health status of university students in China is not optimistic, sense of inferiority as one of the students' common psychological barrier, there is a growing trend. Because of the long-term inferiority complex is the result of a variety of psychological problems of college students, and one of the important reasons of their healthy growth. Therefore, in recent years. Study on University Students' Inferiority has attracted the attention of many scholars. Since the rise in twentieth Century 60-70's exercise psychology, physical exercise has become an important research field to reduce the impact of sense of inferiority
In order to investigate the physical exercise and college students' Inferiority exists, what kind of sports exercise mode can more effectively reduce their inferiority, to reduce the influence of different exercise situation of college students inferiority is different, physical exercise is what problems to reduce the psychological mechanism of college students inferiority effect, this study analyzes in a the system is based on the domestic and foreign physical exercise and inferiority between theoretical research and practical application, the lack of research in this field, constructs a physical exercise to reduce the assumptions of the model theory of psychological mechanism of College Students' inferiority effect, and adopts the method of questionnaire, interview, psychological test method, experimental method. The research methods, the study of these issues.
First of all, the purpose and basic problems of the whole research are expounded in detail, and the research is conceived and designed on the whole.
Secondly, it reviews the relevant researches on inferiority at home and abroad, analyzes the related concepts of inferiority, the manifestations, causes, types and harmfulness of inferiority, and introduces the theoretical viewpoints of inferiority complex and mental health, self-efficacy and self-esteem.
Third, using stratified and random sampling method, in Hunan and Shanghai chose 1132 college students, using the inferiority scale measurement tools, on the relationship between physical exercise and our sense of inferiority of college students were investigated, 997 valid questionnaires, mainly study the physical exercise and college students' sense of inferiority and the relationship between influence factors, construct the relationship model between them, and also examines the gender differences in grade college students inferiority. The results showed that: (1) the sense of inferiority of college students have significant gender and grade differences. Girls poor self-esteem average score higher than boys, the average score of the first grade students' inferiority is higher than two, three grade. (2) there is no linear relationship between physical exercise and inferiority, but there are significant nonlinear relationship between them, reduce the effect of physical exercise on college students inferiority is negative after the first Positive, moderate intensity exercise can reduce students' sense of inferiority, high-intensity physical training will make sense of inferiority of their ascension instead. (3) the relationship between College Students' self-esteem, general self-efficacy and physical exercise as a negative relationship, self-esteem, general self-efficacy of high students their sense of inferiority. (4) self-esteem, general self-efficacy plays an intermediary role in the relationship between physical exercise and inferiority in physical exercise in addition to the direct relationship between the nonlinear effect and inferiority, also through self-esteem, general self-efficacy variables have an effect on the sense of inferiority.
Fourth, the creation of different physical exercise situation, namely to competitive exercise scene, recreational exercise scene as independent variables, with college students inferiority as the dependent variable was studied. The effects of different exercise scenarios to reduce the impact of 171 college students a sense of inferiority, and through the study of physical exercise on self-esteem and general self-efficacy influence to further verify the relationship model constructed in this study. The results show that: (1) moderate intensity exercise can have a positive impact on University Students' inferiority, the creation of appropriate exercise scene can play a better exercise performance. (2) on the creation of the Institute of the exercise scene influence on University students' Inferiority the competitive scene exercise is better than the entertainment scene exercise. (3) different exercise duration on the college students' sense of inferiority is different, in general, the exercise time is longer, the inferiority To improve the sense of effect is more significant. (4) prediction model construction is suitable in the present experimental conditions, forecast forecast, the inferiority of self-esteem, general self-efficacy in physical exercise on the impact of inferiority plays a mediating role in the nonlinear part.
Fifth, the application of case study, questionnaire survey and interviews, and the psychological mechanism on University Students' inferiority are analyzed, also has such problems on the 4 cases of college students using the competitive basketball exercise scene in intervention and tracked study. Overall, the competitive exercise scene on University Students' Inferiority exists a significant, positive intervention effect, can effectively eliminate or reduce the inferiority, improve the level of mental health. At the same time, through the investigation of related variables in the control experiment under the condition of the trend, further validation of the multivariate nonlinear regression model constructed in this research the relationship between physical exercise and a sense of inferiority.
Sixth, the whole research results are summarized, and some major problems existing in the research are analyzed. Suggestions for further improvement of College Students' inferiority complex are put forward, and the prospect of sports exercise to reduce college students' inferiority is prospected.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B844.2;G807.4

【引证文献】