视觉注意条件下数字加工能力发展的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 04:28

本文选题：数字加工 + 视觉注意　；参考：《天津师范大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 数字在人们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。个体对数字刺激进行数字心理表征的认知加工过程称为数字加工，它是人类生存所必须的基本能力。数字加工包括算术认知加工和数字认知加工，其中数字认知加工在当前数字加工研究领域中备受关注。数字加工与注意有着密切的联系，人们对数字信息的加工离不开注意的参与，，同样注意的转移和分配也会影响数字加工过程。在视觉注意领域，注意可分为内源性注意和外源性注意，前者反映自上而下的控制加工，后者反映自下而上的自动化加工，二者在产生机制和对认知加工的影响大小上有着明显区别。本研究选取小学三年级、小学五年级、初中二年级、高中二年级学生和大学生共315名为被试，通过操作注意类型、注意水平、SOAs和任务难度四个变量，重点探讨不同视觉注意条件下SOA变化对数字加工的影响、中小学生数字加工能力的发展特点以及数学学优生和学差生数字加工能力的差异。本论文由四项研究共8个实验组成：研究一包括2个实验。在内源性注意和外源性注意条件下，分别采用数字大小比较和数字奇偶判断的实验任务，通过操作SOAs，考察数字加工效应发生的时间进程。实验1在内源性注意条件下，采用数字大小比较和数字奇偶判断任务，通过系统改变SOAs，考察数字加工中的距离效应和SNARC效应；实验2在外源性注意条件下，采用数字大小比较和数字奇偶判断任务，通过系统改变SOAs，考察数字加工中的距离效应和SNARC效应。研究二包括2个实验。在内源性注意条件下，分别采用数字大小比较和数字奇偶判断的实验任务，考察中小学生数字加工能力的发展特点。实验3采用数字大小比较任务，考察中小学生数字加工中的距离效应；实验4采用数字奇偶判断任务，考察中小学生数字加工中的SNARC效应。研究三包括2个实验。在外源性注意条件下，分别采用数字大小比较和数字奇偶判断的实验任务，考察中小学生数字加工能力的发展特点。实验5采用数字大小比较任务，考察中小学生数字加工中的距离效应；实验6采用数字奇偶判断任务，考察中小学生数字加工中的SNARC效应。研究四包括2个实验。在内源性注意和外源性注意条件下，采用数字大小比较实验任务，考察数学学优生和学差生数字加工的眼动特征和距离效应。实验7在内源性注意条件下，采用数字大小比较实验任务，考察数学学优生和学差生数字加工中的眼动特征和距离效应；实验8在外源性注意条件下，采用数字大小比较实验任务，考察数学学优生和学差生数字加工中的眼动特征和距离效应。研究结果发现： 1．视觉注意条件下，中小学生的数字加工能力随年级升高而发展。数学学优生和数学学差生的数字加工能力差异明显。 2．内源性注意条件对小学三年级学生的数字距离效应和小学生的SNARC效应产生了湿著影响，对中学生没有影响。外源性注意条件对小学生的数字距离效应，小学生和初中生的SNARC效应产生了显著影响，对高中生没有影响。表明外源性注意对中小学生数字加工效应的影响比内源性注意的更大。 3．内源性注意条件只对数学学差生的大数字距离效应产生显著影响，对学优生没有影响。外源性注意条件对数学学差生的大小数字距离效应产生显著影响，对学优生没有影响。表明对于数学学差生，外源性注意的影响比内源性注意的更大，对于数学学优生，内源性注意和外源性注意的影响不明显。 4．内源性注意和外源性注意条件下，当线索提示与数字目标出现的位置一致时，线索对反应有易化作用，有效线索提高了各年级和不同学业学生的数字加工成绩；当线索提示与数字目标出现的位置不一致时，线索对反应有干扰作用，无效线索降低了小学生和数学学差生的数字加工成绩，对高中生和数学学优生没有影响。 5．内源性注意条件下，随着SOAs的增加，数字加工效应逐渐增大，当SOA为900ms时，数字加工效应最明显。外源性注意条件下，当SOA为300ms时，数字加工效应最明显，随着SOAs的增加，数字加工效应逐渐减小。综合上述研究结果，我们认为内源性注意和外源性注意对数字加工有着不同的影响，自下而上自动化加工注意对数字加工的影响比自上而下控制加工注意的影响更大。这两种视觉注意在时间关系发展上的特点影响数字加工过程。
[Abstract]:Figures play an important role in people's daily life. The cognitive processing process for digital psychological representation of digital stimuli is called digital processing. It is the basic ability of human survival. Digital processing includes arithmetic cognitive processing and digital cognitive processing, in which digital cognitive processing is in the field of digital processing research. Much attention has been paid to it.
There is a close relationship between digital processing and attention. People can't take part in the processing of digital information without attention, and the transfer and distribution of attention can also affect the process of digital processing. In the field of visual attention, attention can be divided into endogenous attention and exogenous attention. The former reflects the control process from top to bottom, and the latter reflects from bottom to top. In automatic processing, there is a clear difference between the two in the generation mechanism and the influence on cognitive processing.
This study selected grade three, grade five of primary school, grade two of junior middle school, 315 junior high school students and college students as subjects. Through operation attention type, attention level, SOAs and task difficulty of four variables, the influence of SOA changing logarithm word processing under different visual attention conditions, and the development of digital processing ability of primary and middle school students were discussed. Characteristics and differences in numerical processing ability between excellent and poor students in mathematics.
This paper consists of four studies and 8 experiments.
The study includes 2 experiments. Under the conditions of endogenous attention and exogenous attention, we use the experimental tasks of digital size comparison and digital parity judgment respectively. By operating SOAs, the time process of the digital processing effect is examined. Under the endogenous condition, experiment 1 uses the number comparison and the digital parity judgment task, through the system. SOAs is used to change the distance effect and SNARC effect in digital processing. In Experiment 2, the distance effect and SNARC effect in digital processing are investigated by using digital size comparison and digital parity judgment under exogenous attention conditions, and using the system to change SOAs.
The study two includes 2 experiments. Under the endogenous attention conditions, the experimental tasks of digital size comparison and digital parity judgment are used respectively to investigate the development characteristics of the digital processing ability of primary and secondary school students. Experiment 3 use the digital size comparison task to investigate the distance effect in the digital processing of primary and secondary school students, and the experiment 4 uses digital parity judgment task. The SNARC effect in the digital processing of primary and middle school students is investigated.
The study three includes 2 experiments. Under the exogenous attention condition, the experimental task of digital size comparison and digital parity judgment was used respectively to investigate the development characteristics of the digital processing ability of primary and secondary school students. Experiment 5 used digital size comparison task to investigate the distance effect in the digital processing of primary and secondary school students, and the experiment 6 used digital parity judgment task. The SNARC effect in the digital processing of primary and middle school students is investigated.
Study four includes 2 experiments. Under the conditions of endogenous attention and exogenous attention, the experimental task of digital size comparison is used to investigate the eye movement characteristics and distance effects of mathematical eugenics and differential students in digital processing. In Experiment 7, the number size comparison task was used under the endogenous attention condition to investigate the number of mathematical eugenics and students. The eye movement characteristic and distance effect in the work; Experiment 8, under the exogenous attention condition, using the digital size comparison experiment task to investigate the eye movement characteristics and the distance effect in the mathematical eugenics and the differential students' digital processing.
1. under the visual attention condition, the digital processing ability of primary and middle school students grows with the increase of grade. The difference of digital processing ability of mathematical eugenics and mathematics students is distinct.
2. endogenous attention conditions have a wet influence on the digital distance effect of grade three students and the SNARC effect of primary school students. It has no effect on middle school students. Exogenous attention conditions have a significant impact on primary school students' digital distance effect, primary school students' and junior high school students' SNARC effect, and have no influence on high school students. The effect on the number processing effect of primary and secondary school students is greater than that of endogenous attention.
3. endogenous attention conditions have a significant impact on the large number distance effect of mathematically poor students, and have no effect on eugenics. Exogenous attention conditions have a significant impact on the size of the number of mathematically poor students, and have no effect on the eugenics. Moreover, the influence of endogenous attention and exogenous attention is not obvious.
4. endogenous attention and exogenous attention conditions, when clues are consistent with the location of the digital target, clues are easy to respond to the reaction. Effective clues improve the digital processing results of all grades and different academic students. When clues are not consistent with the position of digital targets, clues have a interference effect on the reaction, Invalid clues reduced the number processing performance of primary school students and mathematics poor students, and had no effect on senior high school students and mathematics eugenics.
Under 5. endogenous attention conditions, with the increase of SOAs, the digital processing effect increases gradually. When SOA is 900ms, the digital processing effect is most obvious. Under exogenous attention conditions, when SOA is 300ms, the digital processing effect is most obvious, with the increase of SOAs, the digital processing effect gradually decreases.
Based on the above results, we believe that endogenous attention and exogenous attention have different effects on digital processing. The effect of bottom-up automation on digital processing is greater than that of top-down control processing. These two kinds of visual attention affect the process of digital processing in the development of time relations.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B844.1

【引证文献】