教育、人力资本、经济增长——理论阐释和实证检验

发布时间：2018-07-03 19:23

本文选题：教育 + 人力资本　；参考：《吉林大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 自改革开放以来的30年,我国经济总量的增长举世瞩目,同时伴随的是各个地区,城市和乡村发展的非均衡,这种非均衡的现实状态和人力资本形成密切相关,因此,从人力资本角度研究我国的经济增长,是有意义的,也是重要的。本文从这个角度出发,研究人力资本的形成、度量和总量上的变化,将全国每一个省份的人力资本存量都利用收入法和成本法加以计量,给出各个省份的人力资本形成数量和变化趋势,进而研究人力资本和教育、经济增长之间的关联,利用面板数据模型,聚类分析等手段将各省状态按照人力资本、经济增长等指标进行分类,并考察不同类别的增长方式和增长途径,最后,根据实证结论,给出我国应该采取的人力资本战略分析。人力资本测算结果的表明:从存量上看,我国人力资本存量的增速远远不如物质资本的增速;从流量上看,我国人力资本形成过程中,更多的依赖于教育投入,研发成本所占份额过小。聚类分析的结果表明:全国可以划分为六大类,第一类包括北京、天津和上海,第二类广东、江苏、浙江和山东,第三类是重庆,第四类是河北、辽宁、安徽、河南、湖北、湖南、四川,第五类是以西部地区为主,包括东北地区的吉林和黑龙江的15个省份,西藏自成一类。关联模型的结果表明:教育年限较短是制约我国人力资本形成的瓶颈;人均教育年限的增加,对人均GDP的增加比总量上的增加具有更大的作用;我国存在劳动力人口多,素质低的问题,同时人力资本利用效率极低,因此,提高人力资本利用效率,增强劳动力素质,是实现经济增长的关键因素。在对策上,增加教育投入、优化教育结构、支持研发和创新和人才培养是我国亟待解决的问题。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, the growth of China's total economic volume has attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, it is accompanied by the unbalanced development of various regions, cities and villages, which is closely related to the formation of human capital. It is meaningful and important to study China's economic growth from the angle of human capital. From this point of view, this paper studies the formation, measurement and total changes of human capital, and measures the stock of human capital in every province of the country by means of income method and cost method. The number and trend of human capital formation in each province are given, and then the relationship between human capital, education and economic growth is studied. By using panel data model and cluster analysis, the state of each province is based on human capital. Economic growth and other indicators are classified, and different types of growth patterns and growth approaches are investigated. Finally, according to the empirical conclusions, the human capital strategy that should be adopted in China is analyzed. The result of human capital calculation shows that the growth rate of human capital stock in China is far less than that of material capital in terms of stock, and in the process of human capital formation in China, it depends more on educational investment. The share of R & D costs is too small. The results of cluster analysis show that the whole country can be divided into six categories. The first category includes Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, the second kind is Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong, the third is Chongqing, the fourth is Hebei, Liaoning, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, etc. Hunan, Sichuan, the fifth category is mainly in the western region, including the Northeast Jilin and 15 provinces of Heilongjiang, Tibet is its own class. The results of the correlation model show that the short years of education is the bottleneck restricting the formation of human capital in China, the increase of per capita education years plays a more important role in the increase of per capita GDP than in the total amount of GDP, and there is a large labor force population in China. At the same time, the utilization efficiency of human capital is very low. Therefore, improving the utilization efficiency of human capital and strengthening the quality of labor force are the key factors to realize economic growth. In the countermeasures, increasing educational investment, optimizing educational structure, supporting R & D, innovation and talent training are the problems to be solved urgently in our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G40;F249.2;F124

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