中学生人格特征与心理健康的研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 19:43

【摘要】： 研究目的 了解城乡中学生群体的人格特征与心理发展的现状,分析影响学生心理健康的人格特征的相关因素,期望能够准确把握当前中学生人格成长中的优点和不足,以及他们在当前阶段所可能面临的心理问题,以便为中学开展心理辅导和人格教育提供心理学的参考依据,更为针对不同心理问题的青少年提供个性化的指导,最终期待他们在智力和心理等方面得到全面健康的发展。 研究方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取8所学校的初中一、二年级各2个班级,将各班级的所有学生纳入研究对象。 发放问卷,要求调查对象在安静的环境下于40-50分钟时间范围内独立完成问卷中所有问题。 采用《儿童14种人格因素问卷》CPQ和SCL-90症状自评量表分析影响中学生心理健康的人格特征的相关因素。 研究结果 1.介休市被调查的1421名中学生中,有257名同学因子分≥3分。即心理健康问题的检出率为18.1%。 2.介休市男学生在乐群性、兴奋性、持强性、轻松性、敢为性、充沛性、世故性、紧张性等8因素上得分显著地高；在聪慧性、稳定性、有恒性、敏感性、自律性、忧虑性等6因素上的得分显著地低,呈现“八高六低”的人格特征。 3.介休市女学生在兴奋性、轻松性、敢为性、充沛性、自律性、紧张性等8因素上得分显著地高；在聪慧性、稳定性、有恒性、持强性、敏感性、世故性、忧虑性等6因素上的得分显著地低,呈现“六高八低”的人格特征。 4.男女性别因素在乐群性(t=-4.31)、稳定性(t=4.57),恃强性(t=2.03),敏感性(t=-4.01)上差别有统计学意义(p0.05),说明男性乐观、自信、情绪波动大、独立性强、按计划做事。女性更加喜欢自己学习和工作、情绪稳定、固执,感情用事有较大依赖性。 5.城区中学生各项目得分均低于农村中学生,其中聪慧性、兴奋性、有恒性、敏感性、世故性、自律性、紧张性等因素差别有统计学意义(p0.05)。 6.独生子女各项目得分均低于非独生子女,其中聪慧性、兴奋性、有恒性、充沛性、世故性、忧虑性等因素差别有统计学意义(p0.05)。 7.中学生SCL-90的9个因子与人格特征的3个层面都呈显著正相关。 结论 1.介休市中学生的心理健康情况略高于全国水平。 2.性别因素、地区因素、年级因素、是否独生子女等方面在人格特征上的表现出各自相应的特点。 3.性格内向,对事物敏感,情绪易发生波动的中学生容易产生焦虑,抑郁,偏执等心理问题。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the present situation of personality characteristics and psychological development of middle school students in urban and rural areas, and to analyze the relevant factors that affect the personality characteristics of students' mental health. It is expected that the advantages and disadvantages of the current middle school students' personality growth and the psychological problems they may face at the present stage can be accurately grasped, so as to provide a psychological reference for the development of psychological counseling and personality education in middle schools. It also provides individualized guidance for adolescents with different psychological problems, and finally expects them to have a healthy and comprehensive development in intelligence and psychology. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 2 classes in the first and second grades of junior middle school in 8 schools, and all the students in each class were included in the study. The subjects were asked to complete all the questions in a quiet environment within 40-50 minutes. CPQ and SCL-90 symptom Checklist (SCL-90) were used to analyze the factors related to the mental health of middle school students. Results 1. Of the 1421 middle school students surveyed in Jiexiu, 257 students had a factor score of 鈮，

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