教育与经济增长：基于外部性视角的理论分析与实证研究
发布时间：2019-01-09 06:01
【摘要】：本文以内生经济增长理论为框架，基于外部性的视角，探索中国的教育与经济增长问题，更为准确地说，是研究教育影响经济增长的微观机制和作用机理，并探讨政府的教育政策问题。 论文的主体部分最终想回答这么几个问题：（1）在存在人力资本外部性的条件下，经济能否实现可持续增长？教育作用于经济增长的微观机制是什么？政府的教育政策在其中扮演了怎样的角色？（2）当存在知识外部性时，经济实现可持续增长的条件是什么？教育影响经济增长的作用机理是什么？政府应该如何行为？（3）中国的教育和经济增长的关系如何？在不同的地区是否有显著的差异？人力资本和知识的外部性在其中起了什么样的作用？中国的公共教育支出和教育补贴应该如何权衡？ 对于第一个问题，我们的研究表明：首先，人力资本外部性的大小、知识溢出水平的高低会对经济平衡增长路径的稳态增长率产生影响；其次，教育主要通过积累具有外部性的人力资本，影响微观层面上代表性家庭的资源配置行为--时间禀赋的分配--进而作用于一个国家宏观经济增长率；第三，由于人力资本外部性和知识溢出的存在，分散经济均衡并不能达到社会的最优状态，，政府通过执行一次性产出税、教育税收或者补贴可以诱导分权经济达到可持续的社会最优状态。 对于第二个问题，我们的研究表明：首先，在知识外部性存在时，经济中技术创新率和教育部门生产效率高于家庭的主观时间偏好率和边际效用弹性参数是实现一国经济可持续增长的关键；第二，教育的发展会增加经济中的人力资本存量，这将提高研究开发部门的产出和最终产品部门的产出，从而促进经济增长；第三，教育、知识和人力资本是影响经济增长的重要因素，政府应该建立、健全和完善尊重知识产权、激励创新的政策环境，以确保经济达到可持续的稳定增长状态。 对于第三个问题，我们的研究表明：首先，我国的教育和经济增长之间存在一种长期稳定的均衡关系；其次，教育和经济增长的关系在不同地区表现各异，由于人才的流动以及企业的区域集聚等因素的影响，教育对西部和中部地区某些省份的经济增长起到一定的抑制作用，而东部地区大多数省份的教育促进经济增长；第三，中国公共教育支出和教育补贴的规模应该继续扩大，同时，应该在基础教育、中等教育和高等教育之间合理分配政府的教育支出和教育补贴。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of endogenous economic growth, this paper explores the problems of education and economic growth in China from the perspective of externality. More accurately, it is to study the micro mechanism and mechanism of education affecting economic growth. And discuss the education policy of the government. The main part of the paper finally wants to answer these questions: (1) under the condition of the externality of human capital, can the economy achieve sustainable growth? What is the microcosmic mechanism by which education plays a role in economic growth? What role has the government's education policy played? (2) what are the conditions for sustainable economic growth when there is an externality of knowledge? What is the mechanism by which education affects economic growth? How should the government behave? (3) what is the relationship between education and economic growth in China? Are there significant differences in different regions? What role does the externality of human capital and knowledge play in it? How to balance public education spending and education subsidies in China? For the first question, our research shows that: first, the size of human capital externality and the level of knowledge spillover will have an impact on the steady growth rate of the balanced economic growth path; Secondly, education mainly influences the behavior of resource allocation of representative families at the micro level-the allocation of time endowment-and then acts on the macroeconomic growth rate of a country through accumulation of external human capital. Third, due to the externality of human capital and the existence of knowledge spillover, the decentralized economic balance can not reach the optimal state of society, and the government implements a one-off output tax. Education taxes or subsidies can induce decentralized economies to achieve sustainable social optimizations. For the second question, our research shows: first, when knowledge externalities exist, The rate of technological innovation and the productive efficiency of the education sector in the economy are higher than the subjective time preference rate and the marginal utility elasticity parameter of the household are the key to realize the sustainable growth of a country's economy; Second, the development of education will increase the stock of human capital in the economy, which will increase the output of the R & D sector and the output of the final product sector, thereby promoting economic growth; Third, education, knowledge and human capital are the important factors affecting economic growth. The government should establish, perfect and perfect the policy environment of respecting intellectual property rights and encouraging innovation to ensure sustainable and stable economic growth. For the third question, our research shows that: first, there is a long-term and stable equilibrium relationship between education and economic growth in China; Secondly, the relationship between education and economic growth varies in different regions. Due to the influence of the flow of talents and the regional agglomeration of enterprises, education plays a certain role in restraining the economic growth of some provinces in the western and central regions. Education promotes economic growth in most provinces in the eastern part of the country; Third, the scale of public education expenditure and education subsidy in China should continue to expand, at the same time, the government's education expenditure and subsidy should be rationally distributed between basic education, secondary education and higher education.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F124.1;F224;G40-054
本文编号：2405226
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of endogenous economic growth, this paper explores the problems of education and economic growth in China from the perspective of externality. More accurately, it is to study the micro mechanism and mechanism of education affecting economic growth. And discuss the education policy of the government. The main part of the paper finally wants to answer these questions: (1) under the condition of the externality of human capital, can the economy achieve sustainable growth? What is the microcosmic mechanism by which education plays a role in economic growth? What role has the government's education policy played? (2) what are the conditions for sustainable economic growth when there is an externality of knowledge? What is the mechanism by which education affects economic growth? How should the government behave? (3) what is the relationship between education and economic growth in China? Are there significant differences in different regions? What role does the externality of human capital and knowledge play in it? How to balance public education spending and education subsidies in China? For the first question, our research shows that: first, the size of human capital externality and the level of knowledge spillover will have an impact on the steady growth rate of the balanced economic growth path; Secondly, education mainly influences the behavior of resource allocation of representative families at the micro level-the allocation of time endowment-and then acts on the macroeconomic growth rate of a country through accumulation of external human capital. Third, due to the externality of human capital and the existence of knowledge spillover, the decentralized economic balance can not reach the optimal state of society, and the government implements a one-off output tax. Education taxes or subsidies can induce decentralized economies to achieve sustainable social optimizations. For the second question, our research shows: first, when knowledge externalities exist, The rate of technological innovation and the productive efficiency of the education sector in the economy are higher than the subjective time preference rate and the marginal utility elasticity parameter of the household are the key to realize the sustainable growth of a country's economy; Second, the development of education will increase the stock of human capital in the economy, which will increase the output of the R & D sector and the output of the final product sector, thereby promoting economic growth; Third, education, knowledge and human capital are the important factors affecting economic growth. The government should establish, perfect and perfect the policy environment of respecting intellectual property rights and encouraging innovation to ensure sustainable and stable economic growth. For the third question, our research shows that: first, there is a long-term and stable equilibrium relationship between education and economic growth in China; Secondly, the relationship between education and economic growth varies in different regions. Due to the influence of the flow of talents and the regional agglomeration of enterprises, education plays a certain role in restraining the economic growth of some provinces in the western and central regions. Education promotes economic growth in most provinces in the eastern part of the country; Third, the scale of public education expenditure and education subsidy in China should continue to expand, at the same time, the government's education expenditure and subsidy should be rationally distributed between basic education, secondary education and higher education.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F124.1;F224;G40-054
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