中国农村义务教育投入问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:29

本文关键词：中国农村义务教育投入问题研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 农业、农村和农民问题是当代我国经济和社会发展的突出问题，其发展状况将在很大程度上决定中国现代化的发展进程。农村的发展和农村现代化靠提高农民的素质，而农民素质的提高要靠教育。发展农村义务教育，是提高农民文化素质的主要手段，只有改革和发展农村义务教育，提高农村人口的素质，提高整个中华民族素质的目标才有可能成为现实。近年来，农村地区教育问题尤其是农村义务教育问题已成为学者们关注和讨论的焦点。国家把农村义务教育作为中国教育改革和发展的重点，通过政策上的倾斜和资金上的投入对农村地区教育给予了高度的重视，使得农村教育在农村改革和农村经济发展的带动下，获得了长足的发展。伴随着政府职能的转变和财政体制改革的发展，，我国农村义务教育实行的“地方负责、分级管理、以县为主”的管理体制也在逐步完善，国家也在逐步加大对农村地区义务教育的扶持力度。但是，农村义务教育经费投入问题总是困扰着农村义务教育的发展，要保障农村义务教育经费投入的稳定性、可持续性，是农村义务教育发展的当务之急。全文除引言之外共分四个部分：第一部分：农村义务教育投入问题概述。阐述了公共品供给的一般理论，分析了义务教育的公共品属性，进而对我国义务教育经费投入的一般理论知识作了较全面的介绍。最后介绍了国外的义务教育经费投入的经验，这无疑对完善我国义务教育经费投入有着重要的意义。第二部分：我国义务教育投入发展历程。从20世纪80年代义务教育法的颁布，税费改革，“一费制”改革直到取消农业税，每一次改革都影响着我国农村义务教育经费投入。从“全民办教育”到“国家办教育”，从“以乡镇为主”的财政投入体制到“以县为主”投入体制的确立，我国的农村义务教育财政体制在逐步完善，农民也在政策的完善中逐步减轻自身的负担，国家也在逐步加大对农村义务教育的投入比例。但是，每一项政策的改革对农村义务教育的经费投入都有着一定的影响。本文对国家义务教育财政体制的改革对农村义务教育经费投入的影响做了详细的概述。第三部分：我国农村义务教育投入体制面临的困境。国家对农村义务教育经费投入不足以及投入不均衡是我国农村义务教育投入体制面临的两个重大的问题。国家的总体教育投资过于向高等教育倾斜，义务教育投资比例相对偏低；国家对义务教育总投资中，教育事业经费与教育基本建设投资比例不协调，基建投资比例偏低：地方政府尤其是地方基层政府承担着农村义务教育经费投资的主要责任，而中央、省级政府在农村义务教育经费的筹资中只占有少部分的份额。同时目前我国的义务教育还存在着投入不均衡的现象，主要表现为义务教育的投资存在着巨大的城乡差异与地域差异。第四部分：农村义务教育经费保障机制改革。2005年12月，国务院颁布《关于深化农村义务教育经费保障机制改革的通知》。中西部农村地区实施学杂费全免的义务教育。意味着以前的义务教育财政政策退出历史舞台，中央政府和省级政府成为农村义务教育投入主体。本文对我省恩施州在2006年实施农村义务教育经费保障机制的试点工作进行调查，得出第一手资料，分析发现农村义务教育经费保障机制虽然给农村中小学生带来了实惠，但是在其他一些方面仍然有待进一步完善。本文的创新之处有两点：第一，本文以中国改革开放为背景，以中国教育改革、财政体制变革为依托，宏观梳理了中国农村义务教育投入的发展历程，并对其中重要的五个发展阶段进行了较为深入的分析、研究。第二，本文以个案分析的方式，通过实地调查，以第一手资料、数据展示中国农村义务教育经费保障机制试点地区的具体运行情况。既阐明这一改革的划时代的意义，也找出其中有待进一步改进的地方，以期待中国农村义务教育的投入机制更加合理、更加科学。
[Abstract]:The problems of agriculture , countryside and farmers are the outstanding problems of the economic and social development of our country . The development of the rural areas will depend to a great extent on the development process of China ' s modernization . The development of the countryside and the modernization of the countryside are the main means to improve the peasants ' cultural quality . In recent years , the rural compulsory education is the main means to improve the peasants ' cultural quality . With the transformation of government function and the development of financial system reform , the management system of rural compulsory education in our country is gradually perfected , and the state is gradually improving the support of compulsory education in rural areas . However , the problem of the investment of compulsory education in rural areas has always puzzled the development of compulsory education in rural areas , and it is urgent to guarantee the stability and sustainability of rural compulsory education . The full text is divided into four parts except the preface : The first part : The general theory of public goods supply , analyses the public goods attribute of compulsory education , and makes a comprehensive introduction to the general theoretical knowledge of compulsory education funds in China . Finally , it introduces the experience of the investment of compulsory education abroad , which is undoubtedly of great significance to improve the investment of compulsory education in our country . The second part : The development course of compulsory education in our country . From the promulgation of the compulsory education law in the 1980s , the reform of tax and fee , the reform of " one fee system " to the abolition of agricultural tax , every reform affects the investment of rural compulsory education in our country . From the " whole private education " to " state - run education " , the rural compulsory education financial system is gradually perfected . The reform of each policy has some influence on the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . However , the reform of the financial system of compulsory education in China has a certain influence on the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . In the third part , the dilemma of the investment system of compulsory education in rural areas of our country is two major problems faced by China ' s rural compulsory education investment system . The country ' s general education investment is too inclined to the higher education , the proportion of compulsory education investment is relatively low , and the government of local government pays the primary responsibility for the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . The fourth part : The reform of the rural compulsory education fund safeguard mechanism . In December of 2005 , the State Council issued a circular on deepening the reform of the rural compulsory education fund guarantee mechanism . It means that the former compulsory education financial policy has withdrawn from the historical stage , the central government and the provincial government have become the main body of compulsory education in rural areas . The innovation of this article has two points : First , based on the reform of China ' s education and financial system reform , this article combs the development course of China ' s rural compulsory education investment , and makes a deeper analysis and research on the important five development stages . Secondly , in the way of case analysis , this paper shows the concrete operation of the pilot area of the rural compulsory education funds guarantee mechanism in China through field investigation . It not only explains the epoch - making significance of the reform , but also finds out the place to be further improved , so as to look forward to the more reasonable and more scientific input mechanism of China ' s rural compulsory education .

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G522.3

【引证文献】