教育与以色列阿拉伯人的发展（1948-2000）

发布时间：2018-04-30 13:34

本文选题：以色列阿拉伯人 + 教育　；参考：《华东师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 二战以后，越来越多的经济学家、社会学家和历史学家开始关注教育与现代化的关系。作为“中东小龙”的以色列自复国以来取得的现代化成就日益受到世人瞩目。学者们一直强调对教育的重视是以色列经济发展的重要动因。现代化的一个很重要的方面就是社会的均衡发展。少数民族作为国家的一个重要组成部分，他们的发展状况在很大程度上制约着整个国家的现代化。本文试图梳理以色列的最大少数民族——阿拉伯人自建国以来教育的发展状况，分析这种发展对于阿拉伯人自身各个方面以及以色列整个国家现代化的影响。论文由前言、正文、结语三部分组成。前言部分简单回顾了国内外关于以色列阿拉伯人教育的研究现状，并说明了文章的研究意义和研究方法。正文分3个部分。第一部分探讨了国民教育、少数民族教育与现代化的关系。认为现代化的水平尤其是经济发展水平决定了教育的发展水平；教育的发展则为现代化的进行提供了各种人才，这同样适用于少数民族。而从国家的层面看少数民族教育的提高有利于改善民族关系，从而为现代化的进行提供相对稳定的社会环境。第二部分梳理了自以色列复国以来到20世纪末阿拉伯人教育的发展状况。它分为两个阶段：第一个阶段是1948年到1966年军事管制的结束。期间，阿拉伯人的教育在学校和学生的数量、入学率，尤其是女生的入学率等方面有明显的进展，但是也存在着资金不足、教师合格率低等问题。文章也分析了问题存在的原因。第二阶段是70年代到20世纪末阿拉伯人教育的发展。该阶段对阿拉伯人教育的论述主要是在与周围国家阿拉伯人的对比中来进行的。指出在入学率和女生的比率上以色列阿拉伯人要高于周围阿拉伯国家，而在文盲率上则成相反的趋势。最后分析了阿拉伯人教育在这个阶段取得成绩的原因，，特别强调了70年代以来以色列的经济转型对新型高科技人才的需求对于教育改革的推动。第三部分从两个方面分析了以色列阿拉伯人教育发展的影响。一方面，阿拉伯人教育的提高对他们自身产生了巨大影响：经济上，就业结构发生了改变，并开始有少量阿拉伯工商业出现；政治上，阿拉伯人由宗族制度向现代选举制度过渡、民族意识觉醒，社会生活上他们更倾向于现代化的生活方式，特别是女性摆脱了传统的束缚，更多地参与到经济和社会生活中来。另一方面，随着阿拉伯人在学校和工作中与犹太人接触的增多，阿拉伯人对以色列的归属感加强，犹太人对于阿拉伯人看法有所改变，在一定程度上促进了以色列相对稳定的国内现代化建设环境的形成。结语部分在总结以色列阿拉伯人教育发展的背景、成就及其作用的同时也指出了它与犹太人的差距。指出要全面地看待以色列阿拉伯人问题。因为现代化是一个复杂的过程，教育水平的提高是阿拉伯人发展的窗口，但是他们的现代化进程还受很多因素的制约，比如国内外的政治形势等等，所以这需要多方面的配合。
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, more and more economists, sociologists and historians began to pay attention to the relationship between education and modernization. As the "Middle East Dragon", Israel has gained more and more attention from the world since its return to the country. Scholars have always stressed that the importance of education is an important cause of the economic development of Israel.
A very important aspect of modernization is the balanced development of society. As an important part of the country, ethnic minorities restrict the modernization of the whole country to a great extent. This article tries to comb the state of education in Arabia, the largest minority of Israel, since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and to analyze the situation of the development of the education of the people of the country since the founding of the people's Republic. This development has an impact on all aspects of Arabs themselves and the modernization of Israel as a whole.
The thesis consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface briefly reviews the status of the study on Israeli Arab education at home and abroad, and explains the significance and research methods of the article.
The text is divided into 3 parts. The first part discusses the relationship between national education and the education and modernization of ethnic minorities. It is believed that the level of modernization, especially the level of economic development, determines the level of education development; the development of education provides a variety of talents for the modernization drive, which is also suitable for ethnic minorities. The improvement of ethnic minority education is conducive to improving ethnic relations and providing a relatively stable social environment for modernization.
The second part combs the development of Arab education from Israel to the end of the twentieth Century. It is divided into two stages: the first stage is the end of military control from 1948 to 1966. During the period, the education of Arabs has made obvious progress in the number of schools and students, the enrollment rate, especially the enrollment rate of girls. The second stage is the development of the Arabian education from 70s to the end of twentieth Century. The discussion of Arab education at this stage is mainly carried out in comparison with the surrounding national Arabs. The Israeli Arabs are higher than the surrounding Arabia countries, while the illiteracy rate is the opposite trend. Finally, the reasons for the achievement of Arabian education at this stage are analyzed, especially the promotion of the demand for new high-tech talents to the education reform since 70s.
The third part analyses the influence of Israeli Arab education from two aspects. On the one hand, the improvement of Arabian education has a great impact on themselves: the economic structure of employment has changed, and a small amount of Arabia industry and Commerce began to appear; politically, the Arabs from the patriarchal system to the modern electoral system. With the awakening of national consciousness, they are more inclined to modernize the way of life in social life, especially women who get rid of the traditional constraints and become more involved in the economic and social life. On the other hand, with the increase of Arabs in school and work with the Jews, the Arab sense of belonging to Israel is strengthened. To some extent, Arab views have promoted the formation of relatively stable domestic modernization environment in Israel.
The concluding part summarizes the background, achievements and functions of Israeli Arab education, and points out the gap between Israel and the Jews. It points out that it is necessary to look at the Israeli Arab issue in a comprehensive way. Because modernization is a complex process and the improvement of education is the window for the development of Arabia people, but their modernization advances. Cheng is also constrained by many factors, such as the political situation at home and abroad, and so on, so this requires a lot of cooperation.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K382.52;G538.2

【引证文献】