探析当代我国学校道德教育的改革趋势

发布时间：2018-10-24 12:46

【摘要】： 改革和创新是中国21世纪道德教育的必然趋势和选择,也是一场道德教育观念和体系上的深刻变革。在新的时期,一方面,我们要清楚地看到社会与道德教育之间的关系,重新看待我国几千年来的传统道德在当今社会的作用,从而更好加以继承和发扬;另一方面,我们应以新的视角审视我国现在的道德教育,明确道德教育必须走向现代化,以新的视野、新的方式、新的内容回应现代社会的挑战,从而适应社会发展的需求。在道德教育理念上,要改变以前的“无人化”的道德教育,要以人为本,要培育自主性人格和独创精神。同时,培育并确立道德和道德教育中的人本观念、主体性观念、生活化观念等等新的道德教育理念,这已成为当下教育理论和实践的迫切任务。在道德教育目标上,传统的道德教育从社会本位出发,把道德教育理想化,把道德目标,拔高到大多数人无法企及的高度,这种脱离实际、过于理想化的道德目标,现实中的确难以企及和实现。由于每个人的实际情况不同,要想达到预期的目标,就必须将道德教育目标层次化。在道德教育目标要求上区分层次,把广泛性与特殊性区分开。这种有针对性的教育,才能促进个体最充分的发展。在道德教育方法上,以往的道德教育方法是简单、机械的,它把学生单纯地视为道德规范的被动的接受者,普遍采用灌输的方法。这种方法有其可取的一面,但它忽视学生的基础德性的养成和道德判断、选择能力的培养,忽视道德主体的发展和道德情感体验。道德教育方法应该要从学生道德品质的发展和道德教育的效果出发,在创新上做文章,在实效上下功夫,要求多种方法的有机结合与灵活应用。道德教育过程,其实是施教与受教统一的过程。在这个过程中,道德教育应是融合在道德知识与学生生活世界、生活经验的过程中,从而使学生不知不觉地内化规范、体验规范并践行规范,从而完善人格。而不是将学生禁锢在一个封闭的、人为的、理想的、纯洁的环境中来进行,与生活世界完全相脱离。道德教育环境的完善也受到了越来越广泛的重视,真正的道德教育在于为个体的道德发展创造一个宽松、健康、向善的环境,在于为个体营造一个纯净而快乐的精神家园,在于培植一个理性而独特的道德生命。营造良好的道德教育环境可以从三个方面入手:第一,营造良好的校园氛围,包括校园文化的建设,良好校风的培养等;第二,提升教师队伍的素质;第三,拓宽道德教育渠道,使道德教育走向开放化,走出校园,走入社会中。
[Abstract]:Reform and innovation are the inevitable trend and choice of China's moral education in the 21st century, as well as a profound change in the concept and system of moral education. In the new era, on the one hand, we should clearly see the relationship between society and moral education, and on the other hand, we should review the role of traditional morality in our society for thousands of years, so as to better inherit and carry forward it; on the other hand, We should examine the present moral education in our country from a new angle of view, make it clear that moral education must move towards modernization, respond to the challenge of modern society with new vision, new way and new content, so as to meet the needs of social development. In the idea of moral education, we should change the former moral education of "no man", be people-oriented, cultivate independent personality and original spirit. At the same time, it has become an urgent task to cultivate and establish new moral education concepts, such as humanism, subjectivity, life and so on, in moral and moral education. On the goal of moral education, the traditional moral education starts from the social standard, idealizes the moral education, elevates the moral goal to a height beyond the reach of most people. This kind of moral goal, which is divorced from reality and is too idealized, In reality, it is really difficult to achieve and achieve. Because everyone's actual situation is different, in order to achieve the expected goal, moral education goal must be stratified. The goal of moral education should be divided into two levels: universality and particularity. This kind of targeted education can promote the fullest development of the individual. In the method of moral education, the former method of moral education is simple and mechanical. It regards students as the passive receiver of moral norms and generally adopts the method of instillation. This method has its desirable side, but it ignores the cultivation of students' basic virtue and moral judgment, the cultivation of their choice ability, the development of moral subject and the moral emotional experience. The methods of moral education should be based on the development of students' moral quality and the effect of moral education, make great efforts in innovation and practical effect, and require the organic combination and flexible application of various methods. The process of moral education is actually a process of unification of teaching and being taught. In this process, moral education should be integrated in the process of moral knowledge and students' life world and life experience, so as to make students unconsciously internalize norms, experience norms and practice norms, so as to perfect personality. Instead of confining students to a closed, artificial, ideal, pure environment, they are completely divorced from the world of life. The perfection of moral education environment has been paid more and more attention. The real moral education is to create a relaxed, healthy and good environment for the individual's moral development, and to build a pure and happy spiritual home for the individual. It is to cultivate a rational and unique moral life. Building a good moral education environment can be started from three aspects: first, create a good campus atmosphere, including the construction of campus culture, good school spirit, etc.; second, improve the quality of teachers; third, Widen the channels of moral education, make moral education open, walk out of the campus and enter the society.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G41

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