我国大学排名机构的功能研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 22:40

本文选题：大学排名 + 排名机构　；参考：《福建农林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：大学排名是高等教育发展到一定阶段的产物，是高等教育系统内外部竞争环境日益激烈化的结果。大学排名已经不再是社会系统中可有可无的与高等教育相关的活动。但是，由于大学排名机构及排名活动中存在的问题及外界认识的偏颇，关于大学排名的质疑声不断，其核心是对大学排名机构的质疑。本研究通过对大学排名的历史梳理，及国内外大学排名的比较分析，论述了大学排名机构的功能，实现路径，存在的问题及相应的解决策略。从大学排名的发展历程来看，国内外大学排名现象的出现时间均早于排名机构的形成。但是，直到大学排名机构出现后，大学排名活动的影响才迅速扩张，，大学排名方法论与组织程序才逐步开启了规范化、透明化、科学化的探索。从大学排名机构的性质来看，其具有“第三部门”的属性特征。它既不从属于政府也与市场有一定的距离，具有非营利性、独立性、开放性、服务性等特征。从大学排名机构的功能来看，主要包括：第一，为学生与家长择校提供信息。这是大学排名机构的基本功能。第二，对大学进行社会监督，在一定程度上满足公众对大学的问责。第三，服务于大学自我诊断。这是大学排名的拓展功能。第四，服务于政府决策。第五，研究大学排名。就我国大学排名的现实来看，排名机构的功能相对比较多元化，为学生选择大学与专业提供大学信息依然是其主要功能。此外，大学排名服务于我国世界一流大学建设的新功能也逐步凸显出来。我国大学排名机构类型及排行榜的类型结构逐步多样化，主要包括研究机构、民间组织及企业（新闻媒体），发布世界大学排名榜与国别大学排名榜。但是，就我国排行榜的发布来看，我国大学排行榜的类型逐步泛化，基于需要或者研究者兴趣推出的各类新式排行榜层出不穷。由于排名结果的日益泛化，我国大学排名机构的排名活动也难以完全按照其排名目的进行。我国大学排名一方面呈现出繁荣发展的态势，另一方面也呈现出诸多不和谐的因素。其一，排名指标实现了从单一指标排名到复合指标的转化，服务对象逐步呈现多元化、多层次性。大学排名数据来源逐步客观化、多元化，数据处理方式日益科学化，排名指标体系设计日益完善，排名结果的形式日益多样，排名结果的发布更加及时。但是，我国大学排名的繁荣发展也形成了诸多负面效应。大学排名的科学性与可信度。学科之间、大学之间存在的差异性难以用统一的指标进行衡量。同时，诸多来自新闻媒体、研究者等质疑大学排名的科学性与真实性。这些质疑直接影响到了大学排名的公信力。总之，大学排名已经构筑成了一个“利益”的消费场所。这一场所中包含了支持、反对等多种呼声。大学排名的存在与发展已经成为一个不可回避的话题。引导大学排名的规范发展成为扩大大学排名的正向功能、削弱负面影响的必然选择。大学排名的规范需要兼顾到大学排名机构、大学及其它利益相关者的权益。因此，大学排名新秩序的构建需要明确大学排名机构的“第三部门”属性，建立排名机构的准入机制，规范排名过程的组织程序，合理引导公众、大学及其它利益相关者正确认识大学排名。
[Abstract]:The ranking of universities is the product of the development of higher education to a certain stage. It is the result of the increasingly fierce competition environment inside and outside the higher education system. The university ranking is no longer a dispensable activity related to higher education in the social system. The core of the question about university rankings is the question of the university rankings. This study discusses the function, the path, the existing problems and the corresponding solutions of the university rankings through the history of the university rankings and the comparative analysis of university rankings at home and abroad.
From the development course of university rankings, the emergence time of university rankings both at home and abroad is earlier than the formation of ranking institutions. However, it is only after the emergence of the university ranking institutions that the influence of the university rankings has expanded rapidly. The methodology and the organizational procedure of the university rankings have gradually opened up a standardized, transparent and scientific exploration. By the nature of the name organization, it has the characteristics of the "third sector". It does not have a certain distance from the government and the market, has the characteristics of non profit, independence, openness and service. From the function of the university rankings institution, it mainly includes: first, it provides information for students and parents to choose school. This is the university ranking machine. The basic functions of the construction. Second, social supervision of the University, to a certain extent to meet the public accountability to the University. Third, to serve the University self diagnosis. This is the university rankings extension function. Fourth, service to government decision-making. Fifth, the study of university rankings. On the reality of China's University scheduling, the function of the ranking institutions is relative comparison. Diversification, it is still the main function for students to choose universities and majors to provide university information. In addition, the new functions of the university ranking service to the construction of the world's first-class universities are also gradually highlighted.
The types and the types of the rankings are gradually diversified in China, including research institutions, civil organizations and enterprises (news media), publishing the ranking list of the world university and the ranking list of country universities. However, the type of Chinese rankings is gradually generalized, based on needs or researchers. The list of new charts of interest has come out in an endless stream. As the results of the rankings become more and more extensive, the ranking activities of our university rankings are also difficult to carry out completely according to their ranking.
On the one hand, China's university rankings show a trend of prosperity and development, on the other hand, there are many disharmonious factors. First, the ranking index has realized the transformation from a single index to a compound index, and the object of service is gradually diversified and multi-level. The data source of the university ranking is gradually objectified, diversified and data processing day The design of the ranking index system is becoming more and more perfect, the form of ranking results is increasingly diverse and the result of the ranking is more timely. However, the prosperity and development of the university rankings have also formed many negative effects. The scientific and credibility of the university rankings. The differences between universities and Universities are difficult to use a unified index. At the same time, many of the news media, researchers, etc. questioned the science and authenticity of the university rankings. These questions directly affect the credibility of the university rankings. In short, the university rankings have been built into a "interest" consumption place.
The existence and development of the university rankings have become an unavoidable topic. The standard development to guide the university rankings has become the positive function of expanding the university rankings and the inevitable choice to weaken the negative effects. The standard of the university rankings needs to take into account the rights and interests of the university ranking institutions, the University and its benefit related people. Therefore, the University ranks new rank. The construction of order needs to clarify the "third sector" attributes of the university rankings institutions, establish the access mechanism of the ranking institutions, standardize the organizational procedures of the ranking process, rationally guide the public, and the universities and other stakeholders to correctly understand the university rankings.

【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G649.2

【参考文献】