学术规范教育及其制度安排研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 14:04

本文选题：学术规范 + 人才培养　；参考：《南京大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：在知识经济、高等教育大众化的时代背景下,我国受本科生、研究生扩招政策的影响,高等学校人才培养质量下降,学术不端行为时有发生。学术规范教育有助于养成学生正当的学术行为,因此,加强学术规范教育以提高人才培养质量成为当务之急。已有的研究多从学术道德、影响学生学术规范行为的因素分析等角度展开,研究聚焦于各种形式的学术欺骗行为,以对具体原因的剖析居多。本研究从学校教育视角检视影响学生遵守学术规范的客观原因,认为学术规范教育的目的是教会学生做学问,将学术规范教育视为一个整体性制度进行考察,是对学术规范教育的系统研究,弥补了国内的研究欠缺。研究以调查数据为基础展开分析,研究结论的产生来自实践,可以为提高高校人才培养质量、防控学生学术不端行为提供有益的思路,对实践具有指导意义。本研究将学术规范教育及其制度安排作为主要研究内容,从历史与现实、理论与实践两个层面展开：在历史层面,通过简要回顾我国学术规范教育的传统,试着归纳出中外学术规范教育的差异；在现实层面,通过问卷访谈及文献法,了解关于学术规范教育的观念、组织与措施,探查国内学术规范教育的现状与问题,审视教育管理制度在其中发挥的作用。在理论层面,探讨学术规范教育的内涵、意义、理念与目标；在实践层面,通过对学术规范教育主要内容、责任、途径与方法、制度保障等问题的探讨,运用制度主义与教育学、社会学等相关理论,尝试构建学术规范教育的制度体系。本研究采用文献分析与实证研究相结合,比较分析与规范分析相结合的研究方法。通过对江苏省内分属于“985工程”、“211工程”、省属普通高校三所不同类型高校师生的问卷、访谈,以学术规范教育的客观情况及主观态度为主要内容,了解师生关于学术规范教育的代表性观念及高校制度建设情况,并结合这些发放问卷高校网页上的学术规范教育相关规定,进行教育效果分析,掌握学术规范教育现状；通过搜集美国、港台地区及国内几所著名的研究型大学在学校网页公布的学术规范教育相关资料,探查国内外高校学术规范教育存在的差距。通过对调查数据及文本资料的分析,本研究认为：当前国内高校普遍已经建立学术规范制度并开展学术规范教育,对指导学生诚实的学习和开展研究活动有一定的指导作用。学术规范教育的实际效果与高校的重视程度以及相关制度安排有着较为密切的关系。当前国内学术规范教育的主要问题表现在对学术规范教育的基本问题尚未形成统一认识、学术规范教育尚未形成系统的制度安排、缺乏“人本”意识等方面,其原因从根本上说,是在理念上缺乏对学术规范教育的目的及其重要性的深刻认识,制度上缺乏以“治本”为目的的系统安排。在此基础上,本研究采用社会学制度主义对于制度的界定,从组织与操作两个层面搭建学术规范教育制度体系。具体研究分为五个部分：第一部分：即第一章“绪论”,介绍了论文选题的缘由与研究意义,对国内外相关研究现状进行综述,并介绍了研究的总体设计,阐明了论文的研究问题与研究方法。第二部分：学术规范教育及发展趋向,由第二章“学术规范教育概述”和第三章“学术规范教育由‘隐性’到‘显性’”组成。从学术规范教育的对象、目的、主要特征等方面探讨学术规范教育的内涵并界定概念,分析学术规范教育在学术教育与思想教育中的作用,采用文献法对我国学术规范教育传统进行分析并比较中外传统的差异,说明知识经济时代和高等教育大众化背景下学术规范教育由“隐性”走向“显性”的必然性,在探讨哈耶克“自生自发秩序”概念的基础上,阐述学术规范教育制度安排何以可能、如何进行等基本理论问题。第三部分：学术规范教育的现状与问题,由第四章“学术规范教育的现状”和第五章“学术规范教育存在的问题及原因”组成。通过调查实施学术规范教育的真实状况,从学生认知、遵守学术规范情况、学术规范教育的制度与措施等方面对学术规范教育效果进行分析；通过对部分高校网站中学术规范教育相关资料的分析,探查国内高校与海外高校在学术规范教育方面的差距。在此基础上,概括出当前国内学术规范教育在思想观念、制度设计、实践操作等方面存在的问题,从教育管理视角反思问题产生的原因,指出形成在明确理念指导下的学术规范教育体系具有重要意义。第四部分,即第六章“学术规范教育的理念与制度”。根据对学术规范教育现状、存在的主要问题及原因分析,主要从学术规范教育的目的、学术启蒙教育、教育原理等角度阐述学术规范教育理念；分别从依据、价值取向、人性特点、环境因素,以及角色责任、操作性、有效性等角度探讨了学术规范教育制度设计的基本前提与具体要求,并从组织与操作两个层面搭建学术规范教育制度的具体框架。第五部分,学术规范教育制度的具体框架,由第七章“学术规范教育的内容与形式”和第八章“学术规范教育的组织保障和文化环境”组成,分别探讨作为学术规范教育制度基本构成的操作性制度和组织制度。主要从思想品质、知识技能与实践操作三个方面阐述学术规范教育的主要内容；提炼出学术规范教育的组织形式和具体形式；阐述了学术管理机构与教师的责任,从健全学术规范相关制度、建立学术不端行为防控体系、建立教师培训与考核制度、塑造诚信制度与文化环境等方面对相关配套措施进行了探讨,通过对制度与内化、文化之间关系的讨论,探讨学术规范教育由“显性”回归“隐性”的基本条件。
[Abstract]:Under the background of knowledge economy and higher education popularization, our country is influenced by undergraduate and postgraduate enrollment expansion policy, the quality of talent training in Colleges and universities is declining, and academic misconduct happens. Academic standard education helps to develop students' proper academic behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the academic standard education to improve the quality of personnel training. The existing research is mainly from the perspective of academic ethics and the analysis of factors that affect the academic standard behavior of students. The research focuses on various forms of academic deception, in order to analyze the specific reasons. This study examines the objective reasons that affect students' compliance with the standard of learning from the perspective of school education, and thinks that academic standard education is considered. The purpose of the study is to teach students to do knowledge, to take academic standard education as a holistic system, to make a systematic study of the academic standard education, to make up for the lack of research in China. It is helpful for practice to provide useful ideas for misconduct.
This study takes the academic standard education and its institutional arrangement as the main research content, from two aspects: history and reality, theory and practice: in the historical level, through a brief review of the tradition of academic standard education in China, it tries to sum up the differences between Chinese and foreign academic standard education; on the realistic level, through questionnaire interview and literature method, The concept of academic standard education, the organization and measures, the current status and problems of the domestic academic standard education are explored, and the role of the educational management system in it is examined. In the theoretical level, the connotation, significance, concept and objectives of academic standard education are discussed; in practice, the main contents, responsibilities, ways and ways of academic standard education are carried out. Methods, system guarantee and other issues were discussed, and Institutionalism and pedagogy, sociology and other related theories were applied to construct the system of academic standard education.
This study combines literature analysis with empirical research, comparative analysis and normative analysis. Through the "985 Project" and "211 Project" in Jiangsu Province, the questionnaire of the teachers and students of three different types of colleges and universities in Colleges and universities is omitted. The interview is the main content of the objective situation and subjective attitude of academic discipline education. To understand the representative concept of academic standard education and the construction of university system, and to analyze the educational effect and master the current status of academic standard education in combination with the relevant regulations of academic standard education on the web page of the questionnaire, and to collect the current status of academic standard education, by collecting the United States, Hong Kong and Taiwan and several famous research universities in the school network. The published academic standards education related information, to explore the gap between academic standards education at home and abroad.
Through the analysis of the survey data and text data, this study believes that the current domestic colleges and universities have generally established academic standard system and carry out academic standard education. It has a certain guiding role for guiding students to learn honestly and to carry out research activities. The actual effect of academic standard education and the degree of higher education and related institutions. The main problems in the current domestic academic standard education are the lack of a unified understanding of the basic problems of academic standard education, the lack of systematic institutional arrangements and the lack of "human based" consciousness in academic standard education, and the reasons for the lack of academic standard teaching in concept. On the basis of the systematic definition of sociological institutionalism, the academic standard education system has been set up from two aspects of organization and operation.
The specific research is divided into five parts:
The first part: the first chapter, "Introduction", introduces the origin and research significance of the thesis, summarizes the current research status at home and abroad, introduces the overall design of the research, and clarifies the research problems and research methods of the paper.
The second part: the academic standard education and the development trend, from the second chapter "the summary of academic standard education" and the third chapter "the academic standard education is composed of 'recessive' to 'explicit'." from the object, purpose and main characteristics of academic standard education, the connotation and definition of academic standard education are discussed, and the academic standard education is analyzed. The role of academic education and ideological education is to analyze and compare the traditional differences between China and foreign countries by using the literature method and compare the traditional differences between China and foreign countries. It illustrates the inevitability of the "recessive" to "dominance" in the era of knowledge economy and the popularization of higher education, and discusses Hayek's "spontaneous and spontaneous order". On the basis of reading, this paper expounds the possibility and basic theoretical problems of academic norm education system arrangement.
The third part: the status and problems of academic standard education, the fourth chapter "the present situation of academic standard education" and the fifth chapter "the problems and causes of academic standard education". Through the investigation and implementation of the actual situation of academic standard education, the system and measures of academic standard education from students' cognition, compliance with academic norms, and academic standard education. In the face of the analysis of the effect of academic standard education, the gap between domestic universities and overseas colleges and universities in academic standard education is explored through the analysis of relevant information about the standardized education of secondary schools in some colleges and universities. On this basis, it is summarized that the current domestic academic standard education exists in the aspects of ideology, system design and practice. From the perspective of educational management, this paper reflects on the causes of problems and points out that it is of great significance to form an academic standard education system under the guidance of clear ideas.
The fourth part, the sixth chapter "the concept and system of academic standard education". According to the current status of academic standard education, the main problems and reasons are analyzed, mainly from the aim of academic standard education, the academic enlightenment education, the principle of education, and other aspects of academic norms education, respectively from the basis, value orientation, human nature characteristics and environment. The basic premise and specific requirements of the design of academic standard education system are discussed in the aspects of factors, role responsibility, operability and effectiveness, and the concrete framework of the academic standard education system is set up from two levels of organization and operation.
The fifth part, the concrete framework of the academic standard education system, is composed of the seventh chapter "the content and form of academic standard education" and the eighth chapter "the organizational guarantee and cultural environment of academic standard education". It discusses the operational system and organization system which is the basic constitution of the academic standard education system. The main contents of academic standard education are expounded in three aspects, such as the organizational form and specific form of academic standard education, the responsibility of academic management institutions and teachers, the establishment of academic norms related systems, the establishment of academic misconduct prevention and control system, the establishment of teacher training and assessment system, and the molding of integrity system. The relevant supporting measures are discussed in the aspects of degree and cultural environment. Through the discussion of the relationship between system and internalization and culture, the basic conditions for the academic standard education from "explicit" to "recessive" are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G641

【参考文献】