大学生中的竞争性个人主义现状及对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-15 13:14

【摘要】：上世纪50年代西方心理学家在观察西方现代化进程中发现了竞争性个人主义这种极端个人主义。我国正处于现代化进程中,也出现了这种竞争性个人主义。笔者通过对湖北省三所高校调查发现,竞争性个人主义在当前大学生中的表现主要是:首先,大学生在价值取向上偏向功利,表现出重物质轻精神的价值取向;其次,大学生竞争的目的趋利,倾向于参加能获取利益的竞争活动;再次,大学生合作意识下降,他们更愿意孤独的学习,并且割裂的看待竞争与合作;最后,大学生的诚信意识下降,在利益面前表现出知行脱节。其成因主要为:一是教育系统外部如社会推崇竞争的负面影响;二是教育系统内部特别是对高考竞争宣传的偏差;三是大学生个体自身的原因。大学生是社会的未来,我们必须对此予以足够的警惕。应该如何帮助当代大学生克服竞争性个人主义对他们的影响,笔者认为:首先,高考是竞争的根源,我们应该在社会舆论和学校内部方面改善这种竞争状况;其次,从价值观方面我们应该加强对当代大学生的集体主义教育,培育学生和谐的竞争观,引导学生认识到竞争性个人主义的危害,培育大学生的合作意识和诚信精神;然后,应该加强对大学生的心理健康教育;最后,通过有效措施提高大学生的人文素质。
[Abstract]:In the 1950s western psychologists observed the process of western modernization and discovered the extreme individualism of competitive individualism. Our country is in the process of modernization, also appeared this kind of competitive individualism. Through the investigation of three colleges and universities in Hubei Province, the author finds that competitive individualism is mainly manifested in the current college students: first, the value orientation of college students is biased towards utilitarianism, showing the value orientation of weight, substance and spirit; secondly, The purpose of college students' competition tends to benefit, and they tend to participate in the competition activities which can obtain benefits. Thirdly, the college students' sense of cooperation drops, they prefer to study alone, and they look at competition and cooperation in a separate way. Finally, College students' sense of honesty and credit drops, showing a disconnect between knowledge and action in front of interests. The main causes are as follows: first, the negative influence of the external education system such as the social esteem of competition; second, the deviation of the internal education system, especially to the competitive propaganda of the college entrance examination; third, the reasons of the individual students themselves. College students are the future of society, we must give sufficient vigilance to this. How to help contemporary college students overcome the influence of competitive individualism? firstly, the college entrance examination is the root of competition, we should improve the competitive situation in the aspects of public opinion and school; secondly, From the aspect of values, we should strengthen collectivism education to contemporary college students, cultivate students' harmonious view of competition, guide students to realize the harm of competitive individualism, cultivate college students' sense of cooperation and spirit of honesty. We should strengthen the psychological health education of college students, and finally, improve the humanistic quality of college students through effective measures.
【学位授予单位】：武汉纺织大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G641

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