从美国医学教育看我国长学制医学教育的改革

发布时间：2019-01-16 07:18

【摘要】：近年来国内多所医学院校开设了长学制医学教育。但我国开办长学制医学教育的历史不长,目前对如何办好长学制医学教育还存在很多疑虑和争议。我们对美国和国内多所医学院的情况进行了比较研究,发现美国医学院在生源与就业模式、课程计划、教材选择、教学方法、师资配备等方面具有很多特点。首先,美国医学院招收的是完成了大学本科的学生,而我国的医学院校招收的是高中毕业生,美国学生必须经过11年的学习教育才能获得专科医生培训的机会,在医学基础知识和临床实践能力方面都存在一定的优势。其次,美国医学院在临床实习前阶段都采用了跨学科的整合课程模块,课程设置还体现了与临床的早期接触。同时,美国医学院对教材的选择比较灵活,一般没有统一教材,由教师指定一些课余读物,有利于启发式教学。由于具备雄厚的师资力量和丰富的教学资源,美国医学院都采用了以问题为中心的教学方法,有利于培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。在我国八年制的医学教育中可借鉴美国医学教育的经验,将教学内容进行合理整合,参考国外优秀的教材并编写更多特色教材,加强师资的交流和培训,逐步建立起一整套具国际医学教育标准、又适合中国国情的长学制医学教育新体系。
[Abstract]:In recent years, many medical colleges and universities have set up long-term medical education. However, the history of long school medical education in China is not long, and there are still many doubts and controversies on how to run long school medical education. We have made a comparative study of many medical schools in the United States and in our country. We find that the medical schools of the United States have many characteristics in terms of student resources and employment patterns, curriculum planning, textbook selection, teaching methods, and the allocation of teachers. First of all, American medical schools recruit students who have completed undergraduate courses, while Chinese medical colleges recruit high school graduates. American students must undergo 11 years of study and education to obtain the opportunity to train specialists. There are some advantages in basic medical knowledge and clinical practice ability. Secondly, the American medical school adopted the interdisciplinary integrated curriculum module in the pre-clinical practice stage, and the curriculum also reflected the early contact with the clinic. At the same time, the choice of teaching materials in American medical schools is more flexible, generally there is no uniform teaching materials, and teachers designate some reading materials after class, which is beneficial to heuristic teaching. With abundant teachers and abundant teaching resources, American medical schools have adopted problem-centered teaching methods, which is conducive to the cultivation of students' ability to analyze and solve problems. In the eight-year medical education of our country, we can learn from the experience of American medical education, integrate the teaching contents reasonably, refer to the excellent teaching materials from abroad and compile more characteristic teaching materials, and strengthen the exchange and training of teachers. A new system of long-term medical education with international medical education standards and suitable for China's national conditions has been set up step by step.
【作者单位】：中南大学湘雅医学院病理生理学系;
【分类号】：G642;R363-4

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