国家助学贷款制度的反思与完善

发布时间：2018-01-05 00:29

本文关键词：国家助学贷款制度的反思与完善　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国家助学贷款政策自从实施以来,帮助众多贫困学生完成了学业,缓解了高校的经费压力。但是,在国家助学贷款工作取得一定成绩的同时,由于学生的贷款违约率居高不下,银行面临巨大的信贷风险,不得不采取谨慎惜贷的态度,这严重影响了国家助学贷款的有效供给,使学生的贷款需求跟放贷现实存在较大差距。因而,完善国家助学贷款制度,不但关系着社会公平的实现,还关系着贫困学生受教育权的保障。要完善国家助学贷款制度,就必须对现行国家助学贷款制度进行反思。首先,在目前的国家助学贷款法律关系中,出现了各主体权利义务失衡的状态。这样会挫伤各主体的积极性,影响国家助学贷款工作的顺利进行。其次,在具体的实施程序方面,贷款规则的设定不完善,增加了学生的还贷压力。学生的还贷压力最终转化成了银行的信贷风险,造成了学生不堪重负,银行无力承受的局面。最后,现阶段国家助学贷款的风险防范机制仍存在疏漏。国家助学贷款的配套立法不到位,个人信用法律体系不健全,这些都是风险防范机制的隐患。这些隐患导致商业银行承担着很多风险,并且形成了一个恶性循环,即银行风险越大,越谨慎发放贷款,贷款的供应愈发短缺。针对国家助学贷款所面临的困境,首先,我们必须重新厘定各参与主体的权利义务,重构国家助学贷款法律体系。只有各参与主体的权利义务明晰,才能够充分调动起他们的积极性,实现国家助学贷款的充分供给。再次,在贷款规则的设计上,我们既要借鉴国外的成功经验,又要结合我国的实际国情,重新设计出兼顾学生利益和银行风险控制的措施。最后,我们需要完善风险防范机制,出台国家助学贷款相关法律和建立完备的个人信用法律制度,双管齐下,尽量将风险防患于未然。只有国家助学贷款制度得到充分完善,才能有效解决困难学生的求学问题。
[Abstract]:The national student loan policy since its implementation, to help many poor students complete their studies, alleviate the funds pressure. However, in certain achievements in the work of the national student loan at the same time, because the student loan default rates, banks are facing huge credit risk, the credit crunch had to take a cautious attitude, which seriously affected the effective the supply of national student loans, the student loan demand and lending reality there is a big gap. Therefore, to improve the national student loan system, not only relates to the realization of social justice, but also the relationship between the poor student's education right protection.
To improve the national student loan system, we must reflect on the current national student loan system. First of all, in the current national student loan legal relationship, the rights and obligations of each subject imbalance. So the enthusiasm will affect the main injury, the state student loan work smoothly. Secondly, in the aspect of implementation the specific procedures for loans, the rule set is not perfect, increase students' repayment pressure. Students repayment pressure eventually converted into the credit risk of the banks, the students overwhelmed, unable to bear the situation. The bank, at the present stage of the national student loan risk prevention mechanism still exists omissions. The legislation of the national student loan not in place, the legal system of personal credit is not perfect, these are the risk prevention mechanism of risks. These risks to commercial banks bear a lot of risk, and form a The vicious circle, that is, the greater the risk of the bank, the more prudent it is to lend, and the supply of the loan is becoming more and more short.
According to the National Student Loan Dilemma, first of all, we must redefine the rights and obligations of each subject in the legal system, the reconstruction of national student loan. Only the participation of the main rights and obligations clear, to fully mobilize their enthusiasm, fully realize the supply of national assistance loan. Thirdly, in the design of loan rules last, we should learn from the successful experience abroad, and combined with China's actual situation, to re design the student interest and bank risk control measures. Finally, we need to improve the risk prevention mechanism, the introduction of the national student loan related laws and establish a complete legal system of personal credit, two pronged approach, as the risk of nip in the bud only the national student loan system has been fully improved, in order to effectively solve the problem of learning difficulty students.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.1;F832.4;G647.5

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