工程创新人才的类型及其课程设置研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 23:13

本文关键词：工程创新人才的类型及其课程设置研究　出处：《华东理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国正处于社会、经济转型时期,对创新人才的需求越来越迫切。工程创新是创新的主战场,工程创新人才的培养十分重要。如何培养工程创新人才已经成为我国工程教育界的重要课题。我国工程人才培养取得了一些成就,也存在很多问题,其中最突出的问题之一是培养目标趋同,如何避免“趋同”是工程教育改革的难点,也是本研究的出发点。本研究主要分为以下几个部分：首先阐明了对工程创新人才进行类型划分的重要性和可能性,并且按照生产或工作的过程和目的、创新的形式以及社会对工程创新人才的需求程度分为五种类型：研究导向型创新人才、专业技术型创新人才、技术集成创新人才、产品创意设计人才和工程经营管理人才,并在此基础上构建了不同类型工程创新人才的素质结构,研究了不同类型工程创新人才的知识、能力、素质结构,这是课程设置的主要依据,有了这层分析,课程设置才能更有效地实现培养目标。其次,课程是实现人才素质结构建构的主要手段,是促成人才划分为不同类型的重要支撑。在明确了社会亟需的工程创新人才的类型之后,如何有计划地实施培养过程,这就需要配套的培养模式,在创新型人才培养体系中,课程设置具体承担着工程人才的知识建构和能力培养以及综合素质形成的责任。为此,本研究以美国的麻省理工学院、加州理工学院、东北大学、俄亥俄州立大学和中国的清华大学、浙江大学、华东理工大学等高校的工程类专业课程设置为分析对象,把工程教育非常强大的美国理工学校工程创新人才培养的课程设置分为不同学科、专业和同一学科专业来分别进行探讨,通过中美对比研究发现我国理工高校的课程设置在支撑不同类型工程创新人才素质构建方面存在不足,在相同专业课程设计中特色与特点模糊。最后,借鉴美国高校课程设置的经验,对我国工程人才培养的培养目标和课程设置方面存在的趋同现象提出改进意见。我国工程创新人才的培养在课程设置上要体现：对创新型工程人才进行宽、专、交结合的知识教育；强化工程实践训练和案例教学,加强创新意识、设计能力和创业方法的培养环节；同时在课程设置中充实前沿科技、创新案例、交叉学科和人文知识等,使之增强创新精神,提高综合素质,促进人的全面发展。
[Abstract]:China is in the period of social and economic transformation, the demand for innovative talents is becoming more and more urgent. Engineering innovation is the main battlefield of innovation. The cultivation of engineering innovation talents is very important. How to train engineering innovation talents has become an important topic in engineering education in China. Some achievements have been made in the cultivation of engineering talents in our country, and there are many problems. One of the most prominent problems is the convergence of training goals. How to avoid convergence is the difficulty of engineering education reform and the starting point of this study. This study is divided into the following parts: First of all, the importance and possibility of the classification of engineering creative talents are expounded, and according to the process and purpose of production or work. The form of innovation and the degree of social demand for engineering innovation talents can be divided into five types: research-oriented innovation talents, professional and technical innovation talents, technical integration innovation talents. On the basis of product creative design talents and engineering management talents, the quality structure of different types of engineering innovation talents is constructed, and the knowledge, ability and quality structure of different types of engineering innovation talents are studied. This is the main basis of curriculum design. With this layer of analysis, the curriculum can achieve the training goal more effectively. Secondly, curriculum is the main means to realize the construction of talent quality structure, and it is an important support to divide talents into different types. How to implement the training process in a planned way, which requires a supporting training model, in the innovative talent training system. The curriculum is responsible for the knowledge construction, ability training and comprehensive quality formation of engineering talents. Therefore, this study is based on Massachusetts Institute of Technology, California Institute of Technology, Northeastern University. Ohio State University and China's Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, East China University of Technology and other colleges and universities of engineering courses as the analysis object. The curriculum of engineering innovation talent training in American polytechnic school which is very powerful in engineering education is divided into different subjects, majors and the same subject. Through the comparative study between China and the United States, it is found that the curriculum design of science and technology colleges in China has some shortcomings in supporting the quality construction of different types of engineering innovation talents, and the characteristics and characteristics of the same professional curriculum design are vague. Finally, draw lessons from the experience of curriculum design in American colleges and universities. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of the training goal and the convergence of the curriculum in the training of engineering talents in our country. The training of innovative engineering talents in our country should be reflected in the course design: wide and special for innovative engineering talents. The knowledge education of communication and combination; Strengthen the engineering practice training and case teaching, strengthen the creative consciousness, design ability and entrepreneurial methods; At the same time, it enriches the cutting-edge science and technology, innovative cases, cross-disciplinary and humanistic knowledge in the curriculum, so as to strengthen the spirit of innovation, improve the comprehensive quality, and promote the all-round development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TB-4;G642

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