跨境高等教育研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 05:27

本文关键词：跨境高等教育研究　出处：《西南大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：跨境高等教育目前己成为国际关注的世界性主题,是宽泛的教育国际化潮流的重要组成部分,也是教育在全球化背景下改革发展的必然结果。对我国而言,建设创新型国家是现代化建设的使命和重要目标,这亟需构建一个更加开放的高等教育系统,以进一步提升我国高等教育的水平。由此,发展跨境高等教育成为我国社会发展的时代诉求。深入研究跨境高等教育,对提升跨境高等教育发展规律的认识,深化跨境高等教育理论和实践研究,丰富和完善国际跨境高等教育理论体系,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究运用比较研究、历史分析和案例研究等方法,以北美、欧洲、亚太等地区的跨境高等教育为研究对象,对跨境高等教育的发展演变、主要类型、实施策略及发展趋势进行深入研究,探索世界跨境高等教育形成与发展内在的共同属性和规律,并对我国高等教育发展提出深刻的启示。跨境高等教育意指国与国之间高等教育领域中任何形式的人员、项目和机构等跨越国家司法边界和地理边界的流动。其内涵丰富,既是一种跨国办学现象,又是一种高等教育活动;既是高等教育的一个过程,又是高等教育的一种供给模式。跨境高等教育呈现出跨国性、流动性、多样性、复杂性和贸易性等特征,其价值集中体现在增强能力建设,发展人力资源,获取经济利益和促进国际理解。跨境高等教育伴随着高等教育的发展而迅速崛起,其最早可以追溯到古埃及、罗马高教的跨国“游教”和“游学”。自12世纪产生以来,跨境高等教育发展大体经历了12世纪到19世纪末的初步形成,20世纪初到20世纪80年代的快速发展,以及20世纪80年代以后的兴盛繁荣三个阶段,留下了一串明晰可鉴的轨迹。而且处于不同发展阶段的跨境高等教育,弥散着浓重的时代气息和特征。跨境高等教育受诸多外部因素的钳制,经济全球化、合作区域化、教育服务贸易自由化及国际组织等因素的影响表现尤甚。跨境高等教育作为全球高等教育领域新的生长点,其表现形式复杂而多样,但主要有三种形式,即人员的跨境流动、教育项目跨境流动和机构跨境流动。人员的跨境流动,主要包括学生、教授、学者、专家等各种身份角色的流动,其中,学生跨境流动构成跨境高等教育的最大部分；教育项目跨境流动是第二大跨境高等教育的形式,主要包括特许项目、双联项目、双学位／联合学位项目、衔接项目、授证许可项目、远拌／虚拟教育项目等；与学生跨境流动及项目跨境流动相比,机构跨境流动的规模较小,但近年来其发展势头却十分迅猛。海外分校、独立院校、企业大学、虚拟大学、收购／兼并、学习中心／教学点、国际教育机构是机构跨境流动最常见的方式。当下世界范围内跨境高等教育的实施,主要受三股力量的拉动,即超国家政府组织、国家政府和高等教育机构。然而,这三股力量推动跨境高等教育实施所采取的策略是各异的。超国家政府组织主要是通过颁布政策及准则、推进文凭及学历学位互认、举办国际会议、实施人员国际交流项目、发挥非政府组织—高校协会的力量等策略来推进世界跨境高等教育。国家政府,包括跨境高等教育输出国和输入国政府,虽然均是借助一定的政策工具及行政手段来力推跨境高等教育,但其实施跨境高等教育的策略各有偏重。高等教育机构是跨境高等教育的主要落实者,其实施跨境高等教育的策略涉及活动和组织两个层面。世界各国跨境高等教育的发展积累了丰富的经验：政府的支持是跨境高等教育发展的重要前提,对经济收益的追求是其发展的主要动因,高等教育制度的改革是发展的重要条件,国际合作办学是发展的有效策略,质量保障机制的构建是发展的重要保障。跨境高等教育同时也带来了诸如跨境管理、教育公平、质量保障、资格认可、国际化与本土化、人才流失等一系列问题。世界跨境高等教育的发展走向主要表现在：重心从学生流动向项目及机构流动偏移,价值取向从发展援助到追求教育贸易,实施模式从“政府主导”走向“院校主导”,聚焦质量保障及国际质量标准的构建,日趋偏好跨境远程教育。跨境高等教育是我国改革开放过程中,特别是加入WTO后出现并兴起的一种新型的教育模式,是我国教育事业的合理的、积极的、有机的组成部分。无论是社会经济的可持续发展,还是高等教育发展水平的提高,以及高等教育功能的释放,发展跨境高等教育都已构成不可或缺的关键环节。跨境高等教育是一场深刻的高等教育改革运动,对我国现有的高等教育体制进行了革命式的冲刷,对高校的教学、科研、社会服务和文化传承等产生了深远影响。国际跨境高等教育对我国加快高等教育改革、促进高等教育跨越式发展、提升高等教育的整体水平和国际竞争力有诸多启示与借鉴：其一,创新高等教育理念；其二,完善高等教育质量保障机制；其三,加强高等教育中外合作办学；其四,实施高等教育“走出去”战略。
[Abstract]:Cross-border higher education has become a worldwide topic of international concern, is an important part of the broad educational internationalization, but also the inevitable result of education reform and development in the context of globalization. In China, the construction of an innovative country is the modernization of the important mission and goals, to build a more open higher education system urgently, in order to further enhance China's higher education level. Thus, the development of cross-border higher education become the era demands of the social development in our country. The study of cross-border higher education, to enhance the understanding of cross-border higher education development law, deepen cross-border higher education theory and practice research, enrich and improve the theoretical system of higher education with international cross-border. An important theoretical and practical significance. This research uses comparative research method, historical analysis and case study in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and other regions Cross-border higher education as the research object, the main types of the development of cross-border higher education evolution, implementation strategy and development trend of in-depth research, to explore the development of common attributes and inherent rules of the formation and the world of cross-border higher education, and put forward the profound implications for the development of higher education in China.
Any form of cross-border higher education means between country and country in the field of higher education personnel, projects and institutions across the country judicial and geographical boundaries flow. Its connotation is rich, is a kind of transnational education phenomenon, is also a kind of higher education; higher education is not only a process, is also a kind of supply mode higher education. Higher education shows cross-border transnational, liquidity, diversity, complexity and characteristics of trade, its value is embodied in strengthening capacity building, human resources development, obtain economic benefits and promote international understanding.
Cross-border higher education with the development of higher education and the rapid rise, the earliest can be traced back to ancient Egypt, Rome higher education international "tour" and "travel". Since twelfth Century, cross-border education generally experienced in twelfth Century to the preliminary formation in late nineteenth Century, early twentieth Century to the rapid development in 1980s. And after 1980s the prosperity of three stages, leave a clear reference trajectory. And in cross-border higher education in different stages of development, the flavor of the times and the characteristics of strong dispersion. Cross-border higher education is affected by many external factors because of economic globalization, regional cooperation and the impact of the liberalization of Education service trade and international the organization of the performance is even worse.
Cross-border higher education as a new growth point of the global higher education field, in the form of complex and diverse, but there are three main forms, namely cross-border movement of personnel, education programs and institutions. The cross-border flow of cross-border flows of cross-border flows of personnel, including students, professors, scholars, experts and other roles of the flow, which students, cross-border flows constitute the largest part of cross-border higher education; education project is the second largest cross-border flow of cross-border higher education form, mainly including concession project, double project, double degree / joint degree program, cohesion project, grant licenses, mix / virtual education project and so far; and students cross-border flow and cross-border projects the flow mechanism compared to the cross-border flow of small scale, but in recent years, the development momentum is very rapid. Overseas campuses, independent colleges, university enterprise, virtual university, mergers and acquisition / learning. At the center / teaching point, the international educational institution is the most common way of the cross-border movement of institutions.
The implementation of the world within the scope of cross-border higher education, mainly affected by three forces pulling, namely national government organizations, governments and institutions of higher education. However, these three forces promote cross-border higher education implementation strategy is different. The super national government organizations mainly through the promulgation of policies and standards, Advance Diploma and the mutual recognition of academic degrees, organized international conferences, the implementation of international exchange projects, play a non government organization - Association of colleges and universities power strategies to promote world cross-border higher education. The national government, including cross-border higher education exporting countries and importing countries, albeit with certain policy instruments and administrative means to promote cross-border higher education. But the implementation of cross-border higher education strategies have their own emphasis. Institutions of higher education is the main implementation of cross-border higher education, the implementation of the strategies involved in cross-border higher education And two levels of activity and organization.
The development of cross-border world higher education has accumulated rich experience: government support is an important precondition of cross-border education, of the economic benefits of pursuing is the main reason for the development and reform of higher education system is an important condition for development, international cooperation is an effective strategy for the development of the construction of quality guarantee mechanism is an important security development. Cross-border higher education such as cross-border management, education fairness, quality assurance, qualification, internationalization and localization, a series of problems of talents. The world of cross-border higher education development trend is mainly manifested in the center of gravity flow to flow from the student projects and institutions deviation from the value orientation of development assistance to the pursuit of educational trade implementation mode from "government" to "dominant institutions, focusing on construction quality guarantee and international quality standards, more preference Cross border distance education.
Cross-border higher education is the process of China's reform and opening up, especially a new mode of education after the entry of WTO and the rise of China's education is reasonable, positive, organic component. It is the sustainable development of social economy, and higher education development level, and the release of higher the function of Education, the development of cross-border higher education has become an indispensable key. Cross-border higher education is a higher education reform deeply, the existing system of higher education of China's revolutionary erosion on college teaching, scientific research, has produced profound influence to social services and cultural heritage and other international cross-border. Higher education to accelerate the reform of higher education in China, to promote the rapid development of higher education, and enhance the overall level of the international competitiveness of higher education have great enlightenment and reference: first, a new high Secondly, improve the quality assurance mechanism of higher education; thirdly, strengthen Sino foreign cooperative education in higher education; fourth, implement the strategy of "going global" in higher education.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

【引证文献】