青少年早中期职业规划的发展及其与归因的关系

发布时间：2018-01-16 20:20

本文关键词：青少年早中期职业规划的发展及其与归因的关系　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：个体在其一生的发展过程中会不断地对未来进行思考和规划，而作为个体从儿童向成年发展的过渡时期，青少年期是集中思考并规划未来的重要阶段。职业规划，就是个人发展与组织发展相结合，对决定人职业的主客观因素进行分析，确定一个人的事业奋斗目标，并选择实现这一事业目标的职业，制订相应的工作、教育和培训的行动计划，对每一步骤的时间、顺序和方向做出合理的安排（罗双平，1995）。青少年职业规划的研究历史悠久，已有这方面的研究已经取得了大量的成果。许多研究者已经探讨了青少年职业规划的性别、年级和专业等方面的差异，但是这些研究的结果不尽一致，并且鲜有研究探讨青少年职业规划发展的差异问题。尤其是，研究者在探讨青少年职业规划与认知变量关系的基础上，开始考察职业规划与归因的关系，希望通过研究为干预青少年职业规划提供有效的信息。但仔细分析已有研究可以发现，对于青少年职业规划的发展及其与归因的关系的研究大多是横断设计，很少有研究者通过纵向设计探讨该问题。时至今日，依据发展情境论，从动态和系统的视角来探讨青少年职业规划的发展以及青少年职业规划与归因之间的关系对于推进青少年职业规划方面的研究有重要的意义。因此，本研究在已有研究的基础上，通过追踪设计从济南和烟台选取了9所中学的1039名青少年期的中学生为被试，采用Nurmi青少年未来取向问卷（中文版）（张玲玲等，2006）考察青少年职业领域规划过程的分问卷和考察职业规划实现的内外部归因的分问卷作为研究工具，通过问卷调查的方式收集了青少年职业规划和归因的相关数据。运用重复测量的方差分析和交叉滞后回归分析探讨了青少年职业规划的发展特点以及青少年职业规划与归因的关系。研究所得的结论如下： 1、在总体水平上，从T1到T2这两次测量的青少年职业规划水平呈现中等程度的相关，青少年职业规划发展的稳定性程度比较高。 2、青少年职业规划发展的稳定性程度存在年级和学校类型的显著差异。高中青少年职业规划的稳定性程度显著大于初中青少年，重点中学青少年职业规划的稳定性程度显著大于普通中学青少年。青少年职业规划的稳定性程度不存在显著的性别和城乡差异。 3、青少年早中期个体的职业规划水平在性别、城乡、年级和学校类型上不存在发展趋势上的显著差异，但是我们发现，，初中青少年职业规划水平显著高于高中青少年，重点中学青少年的职业规划水平显著高于普通中学青少年，城市青少年职业规划水平显著高于农村青少年。而不同性别青少年的职业规划水平不存在显著差异。 4、在控制了前测的其它变量后，前期对于职业规划实现的内部归因能显著地正向预测后期的职业规划水平，前期的职业规划水平也能显著地正向预测后期对于职业规划实现的内部归因，两者是一种双向的影响模式。但是，青少年的职业规划和外部归因在总体的平均水平上以及在加入人口学变量之后的进一步分析中也未发现两者间存在显著的预测关系。 5、性别和城乡能够显著影响内部归因对青少年职业规划的预测作用。男生前期对于职业规划实现的内部归因能显著地正向预测后期的职业规划水平，而女生前期对于职业规划实现的内部归因不能显著地正向预测后期的职业规划水平；城市青少年前期对于职业规划实现的内部归因不能显著地正向预测后期的职业规划水平，而农村青少年前期对于职业规划实现的内部归因能显著地正向预测后期的职业规划水平。 6、青少年职业规划对内部归因的预测作用受年级和学校类型的影响不显著。
[Abstract]:The individual will think and plan the future in the course of his life . As an individual , from the children to the transition period of adult development , the adolescence period is the important stage of thinking and planning the future . The career planning , which is the combination of personal development and organizational development , analyzes the subjective and objective factors that determine the occupation of the human person , determines a person ' s career goal , and chooses the action plan to realize this career goal , develops the corresponding action plan , and makes a reasonable arrangement for the time , order and direction of each step ( Luo Shuangping , 1995 ) . Many researchers have discussed the relationship between career planning and career planning , and it is hoped that the study will provide effective information for the development of young people ' s career planning . Therefore , on the basis of the research , 1039 middle school students from Jinan and Yantai were selected as the research tools , and the relationship between career planning and attribution of adolescents was analyzed by means of questionnaire survey . The relationship between career planning and career planning and attribution of adolescents was discussed by means of ANOVA and cross - lag regression analysis . The results of the study were as follows : 1 . At the overall level , the level of adolescent occupational planning measured twice from T1 to T2 shows a moderate degree of correlation , and the degree of stability of the development of youth career planning is relatively high . 2 . There is a significant difference in the level of stability and the type of school in the development of adolescent ' s career planning . The degree of stability of high school youth career planning is significantly higher than that of junior middle school adolescents , and the stability of junior high school youth career planning is significantly higher than that of middle school adolescents . There is no significant gender and rural difference in the degree of stability of adolescent occupation planning . 3 . There is no significant difference in the level of occupation planning in the middle school and middle school , but we find that the level of vocational planning in junior middle school is higher than that in middle school and middle school . 4 . After the control of other variables , the internal attribution of career planning can positively predict the level of career planning at the later stage , and the level of pre - career planning can also significantly positively predict the internal attribution of career planning in the later stage . Both are a two - way influence mode . However , there are no significant predictive relationships between the career planning and external attribution of adolescents in the overall average level and in the further analysis after the addition of the demographic variables . 5 . Gender and urban - rural areas can significantly influence the prediction function of the internal attribution to the young people ' s career planning . The internal attribution of the early male to the career planning can positively predict the post - career planning level . The internal attribution of the early stage of the urban youth to the career planning cannot significantly positively predict the post - career planning level , while the internal attribution of the early stage of the rural teenagers can significantly positively predict the level of career planning in the later stage . 6 . The effect of youth career planning on internal attribution is not significant by grade and school type .

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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