高等教育大众化背景下大学生就业观研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 19:45

本文关键词： 高等教育大众化大学生就业观　出处：《重庆交通大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：就业乃民生之本，大学生就业问题，不仅关系到个人的前途与命运，更关系到社会的和谐与稳定。近年来，随着我国高等教育步入大众化教育阶段，毕业生的就业形势日益严峻，就业难成了全社会关注的热点问题。高等教育大众化背景下，大学生就业难的原因有很多：既有社会、家庭、学校等客观因素的影响；又有大学生自身能力素养及就业价值取向偏差等主观因素的存在。众所周知，内因是事物变化发展的根据，观念是行为的先导，解决大学生就业难问题，转变就业观念无疑是关键。本文在借鉴前人理论成果和研究方法的基础上，通过对重庆市部分高校大学生就业观的问卷调查，以实际数据为依据，分析现阶段大学生就业观存在的新变化、新问题，从理论上探究其成因并提出合理对策，力图帮助大学生树立科学的就业观，，实现充分就业，并为高校的就业指导提供必要理论参考。本文主要由以下几部分构成：引言：对论文的研究背景和理论实践意义进行综述，并介绍论文的思路、研究方法以及国内外的研究现状。第一章：对高等教育大众化的相关情况进行概述，为课题研究提供背景和铺垫。首先引入马丁·特罗的大众化教育理论，对高等教育大众化的内涵及特点进行分析；然后阐述我国高等教育大众化存在的问题；最后简要介绍在教育大众化阶段我国大学生的就业形势。第二章：大学生就业观的内涵及历史演变。分析就业观的内涵及构成要素，并紧密结合时代背景对建国以来大学生就业制度经历的三个历史时期：统包统分时期、供需见面到双向选择的过渡时期、自主择业时期进行合理分析，总结出大学生就业观在各个阶段的特点，以便大家对大学生就业观的发展变化有深入理解。第三章：大学生就业观的现状分析。通过问卷、访谈等方式，对当前大学生就业观现状进行调查研究，通过理性分析，指出当前大学生就业观发生的积极变化及存在问题。第四章：大学生就业观问题的原因探析。首先阐述导致大学生就业观扭曲的客观因素，如经济发展、社会舆论、用人标准、家庭环境、学校教育等因素。然后分析影响大学生就业观的主观因素，如大学生的自我认知、心理特征、个人素质及能力等。第五章：树立大学生科学就业观的探索。针对不良就业观产生的原因从完善国家就业政策、加强就业导向、设置科学务实的用人标准、转变家庭教育观念、改革教育体制、强化大学生的自我调适能力等方面提出合理建议，引导大学生树立与高等教育大众化背景相适应的大众化就业观，以便顺利实现就业。
[Abstract]:Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. The employment of college students is not only related to the future and destiny of individuals, but also to the harmony and stability of society. The employment situation of graduates is becoming more and more serious, and the employment difficulty has become a hot issue in the whole society. Under the background of the popularization of higher education, there are many reasons for the difficulty in obtaining employment for college students: the influence of objective factors such as society, family, school and so on; There is also the existence of subjective factors such as ability accomplishment and deviation of employment value orientation of college students. As we all know, internal cause is the basis of change and development of things, concept is the guide of behavior, and it is difficult to solve the problem of employment for college students. Changing the concept of employment is undoubtedly the key. Based on the previous theoretical results and research methods, this paper analyzes the new changes and problems in the employment view of college students in Chongqing, based on the actual data, through the questionnaire survey of some college students' view of employment. This paper probes into its causes theoretically and puts forward some reasonable countermeasures in order to help college students set up scientific view of employment, realize full employment, and provide necessary theoretical reference for employment guidance in colleges and universities. This paper is composed of the following parts:. Introduction: this paper summarizes the research background and theoretical and practical significance of the paper, and introduces the ideas, research methods and research status at home and abroad. Chapter one: summarize the related situation of the popularization of higher education, provide the background and foundation for the research of the subject. Firstly, introduce Martin Trow's theory of popular education, and analyze the connotation and characteristics of the popularization of higher education; At last, it briefly introduces the employment situation of college students in the stage of popularization of education. The second chapter: the connotation and historical evolution of college students' employment concept, analyzes the connotation and constituent elements of the employment view, and closely combines the background of the times to the three historical periods of college students' employment system since the founding of the people's Republic of China: the period of "turnkey" and "turnkey". In the transitional period from supply and demand to two-way choice, this paper makes a reasonable analysis of the period of independent employment selection, and summarizes the characteristics of college students' employment concept in each stage, so that we can have a deep understanding of the development and change of college students' employment view. The third chapter is the analysis of the present situation of college students' view of employment. By means of questionnaire and interview, this paper investigates and studies the present situation of college students' view of employment, and points out the positive changes and problems existing in the present view of employment of college students through rational analysis. Chapter 4th: analysis of the causes of the problem of college students' view of employment. First of all, the paper expounds the objective factors that lead to the distortion of college students' view of employment, such as economic development, public opinion, employment standards, family environment, etc. Then it analyzes the subjective factors that affect the college students' view of employment, such as college students' self-cognition, psychological characteristics, personal qualities and abilities. Chapter 5th: the exploration of setting up the scientific employment view of college students. In view of the causes of the bad employment view, we should perfect the national employment policy, strengthen the employment orientation, set up scientific and practical employment standards, change the concept of family education, and reform the educational system. In order to realize employment smoothly, the author puts forward some reasonable suggestions on how to strengthen the self-adjustment ability of college students, and guide them to set up a popularized employment concept suitable to the background of popularization of higher education.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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